鐵路線路安全標準的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-09 12:16
【摘要】：鐵路線路設施設備是鐵路的基本組成部分,其完整程度和質(zhì)量狀態(tài)對列車運行安全影響最顯著、最直接,是鐵路運輸安全的前提保證。世界范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生的鐵路災難性事故,很多都是線路設施設備故障引發(fā)的。因此,各國鐵路都高度重視線路設施設備的安全。本課題研究了國外主要鐵路國家鐵路安全監(jiān)管體系,國外線路安全標準或相關安全技術要求的主要內(nèi)容及其制定的法律基礎和基本原則,依據(jù)安全風險防控理論分析我國鐵路線路的主要安全風險,得出需要在安全標準中重點防控的風險點,給出設計我國鐵路線路安全標準的基本原則、關鍵要素和確立依據(jù),及要開展的工作。鐵路安全管理體制各個國家各有特點,不盡相同,大多根據(jù)本國的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化特點,結(jié)合歷史發(fā)展經(jīng)驗形成。有的國家出于鐵路監(jiān)管需要,形成明確的安全標準,作為基本的安全要求上升為法律法規(guī);有的國家地區(qū)間有互聯(lián)互通需要,在超越國家的政治經(jīng)濟體內(nèi)形成統(tǒng)一的互通性要求,其中安全性作為首要要求被提出;有的國家只在宏觀上提出安全的責任主體,由責任主體承擔制定安全標準的責任,政府進行適度監(jiān)管。我國鐵路路網(wǎng)規(guī)模大,發(fā)展速度快,技術標準高,高鐵比重大,行車密度大,外部環(huán)境復雜,線路安全面臨的挑戰(zhàn)更為嚴峻。鐵路安全事關人民群眾生命財產(chǎn)安全和國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,尤其是最近十年高鐵的迅猛發(fā)展,線路里程快速增加,鐵路建設和運營安全面臨新的挑戰(zhàn),確保鐵路安全是當前工作重中之重。2013年我國鐵路實行了政企分開,雖然安全監(jiān)管部門更加明確,但是規(guī)范化的安全管理和安全監(jiān)管業(yè)務還存在不足。安全管理體系需要進一步明確,企業(yè)是安全生產(chǎn)責任的主體,政府是安全監(jiān)管責任的主體。本文利用安全風險分析和防控理論分析了我國鐵路線路的主要風險源;給出了我國鐵路線路安全標準的設計基本原則、關鍵要素及確立的依據(jù);根據(jù)已有技術研究基礎和國外成熟標準,初步提出我國線路安全標準建議,建議中還存在一些不足之處,需要在今后工作中繼續(xù)深入研究,并且最終通過法制化的過程得以確立。
[Abstract]:Railway equipment is the basic component of railway, and its integrity and quality have the most significant and direct effect on train safety, which is the precondition of railway transportation safety. Many of the world's disastrous railway accidents are caused by line equipment failures. Therefore, railway all over the world attach great importance to the safety of railway facilities. This subject has studied the main railway national railway safety supervision system of foreign countries, the main contents of the foreign railway safety standards or related safety technical requirements, and the legal basis and basic principles of the formulation. According to the theory of safety risk prevention and control, the main safety risks of railway lines in China are analyzed, and the risk points that need to focus on prevention and control in safety standards are obtained, and the basic principles, key elements and establishment basis for designing safety standards of railway lines in China are given. And the work to be carried out. The railway safety management system has its own characteristics in different countries, most of which are formed according to their political, economic and cultural characteristics and historical development experience. Some countries, for the sake of railway supervision, form clear safety standards, which are raised to laws and regulations as basic safety requirements. Some countries and regions have the need of connectivity, and form a unified requirement of interoperability in the political economy beyond the country, in which security is put forward as the primary requirement; Some countries only put forward the responsibility subject of safety on the macro level, and the responsibility of making safety standard is assumed by the responsible subject, and the government carries on the moderate supervision. China's railway network has a large scale, rapid development speed, high technical standard, high proportion of high-speed rail, high driving density, complex external environment, and the challenge of route safety is more severe. Railway safety is related to the safety of people's lives and property and the national development strategy, especially the rapid development of high-speed rail in the last ten years, the rapid increase of railway mileage, and the new challenges to railway construction and operation safety. To ensure railway safety is the top priority of the current work. In 2013, China's railway implemented the separation of government and enterprise, although the safety supervision department is more clear, but there are still deficiencies in standardized safety management and safety supervision business. The safety management system needs to be further clarified that the enterprise is the main body of the responsibility of production safety, and the government is the main body of the responsibility of safety supervision. In this paper, the main risk sources of railway lines in China are analyzed by using the theory of safety risk analysis and prevention and control, and the basic design principles, key elements and the basis for establishing the safety standards of railway lines in China are given. According to the existing technical research foundation and foreign mature standards, the paper preliminarily puts forward some suggestions for China's line safety standards. There are still some deficiencies in the suggestions, which need to be further studied in the future work. And finally through the process of legalization can be established.
【學位授予單位】：中國鐵道科學研究院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U298
[Abstract]:Railway equipment is the basic component of railway, and its integrity and quality have the most significant and direct effect on train safety, which is the precondition of railway transportation safety. Many of the world's disastrous railway accidents are caused by line equipment failures. Therefore, railway all over the world attach great importance to the safety of railway facilities. This subject has studied the main railway national railway safety supervision system of foreign countries, the main contents of the foreign railway safety standards or related safety technical requirements, and the legal basis and basic principles of the formulation. According to the theory of safety risk prevention and control, the main safety risks of railway lines in China are analyzed, and the risk points that need to focus on prevention and control in safety standards are obtained, and the basic principles, key elements and establishment basis for designing safety standards of railway lines in China are given. And the work to be carried out. The railway safety management system has its own characteristics in different countries, most of which are formed according to their political, economic and cultural characteristics and historical development experience. Some countries, for the sake of railway supervision, form clear safety standards, which are raised to laws and regulations as basic safety requirements. Some countries and regions have the need of connectivity, and form a unified requirement of interoperability in the political economy beyond the country, in which security is put forward as the primary requirement; Some countries only put forward the responsibility subject of safety on the macro level, and the responsibility of making safety standard is assumed by the responsible subject, and the government carries on the moderate supervision. China's railway network has a large scale, rapid development speed, high technical standard, high proportion of high-speed rail, high driving density, complex external environment, and the challenge of route safety is more severe. Railway safety is related to the safety of people's lives and property and the national development strategy, especially the rapid development of high-speed rail in the last ten years, the rapid increase of railway mileage, and the new challenges to railway construction and operation safety. To ensure railway safety is the top priority of the current work. In 2013, China's railway implemented the separation of government and enterprise, although the safety supervision department is more clear, but there are still deficiencies in standardized safety management and safety supervision business. The safety management system needs to be further clarified that the enterprise is the main body of the responsibility of production safety, and the government is the main body of the responsibility of safety supervision. In this paper, the main risk sources of railway lines in China are analyzed by using the theory of safety risk analysis and prevention and control, and the basic design principles, key elements and the basis for establishing the safety standards of railway lines in China are given. According to the existing technical research foundation and foreign mature standards, the paper preliminarily puts forward some suggestions for China's line safety standards. There are still some deficiencies in the suggestions, which need to be further studied in the future work. And finally through the process of legalization can be established.
【學位授予單位】：中國鐵道科學研究院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U298
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