【摘要】：隨著社會經(jīng)濟的迅速發(fā)展，各個城市交通壓力日趨嚴重。地鐵以其運量大、環(huán)保、快速等特點能有效疏通城市密集客流，成為當(dāng)前城市公共交通發(fā)展的重點。然而地鐵深處地下，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，沒有自然光的特點為應(yīng)急救援帶來了極大的困難，一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi)等突發(fā)事故，極易造成人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟損失。目前地鐵列車火災(zāi)報警主要依靠人工監(jiān)測，地鐵區(qū)間的應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)雖然能在正常照明失效的情況下自動切換，但不能結(jié)合火災(zāi)發(fā)生的位置給出有效的疏散指示方向，這些不足無法適應(yīng)地鐵區(qū)間應(yīng)急照明的發(fā)展要求。因而開展具備列車火災(zāi)探測功能的地鐵區(qū)間應(yīng)急疏散系統(tǒng)的研究具有重大的現(xiàn)實意義和應(yīng)用價值。 論文以地鐵列車及其運行區(qū)間為背景，針對地鐵列車和區(qū)間隧道的特點，分析了地鐵區(qū)間應(yīng)急疏散系統(tǒng)的功能要求和系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)，給出了系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計方案。深入研究了地鐵列車火災(zāi)探測問題，同時設(shè)計出了基于圖像邊緣散射度算法的火災(zāi)探測方法。本文主要內(nèi)容包括三部分：第一部分敘述地鐵區(qū)間應(yīng)急疏散系統(tǒng)的組成和主要功能以及系統(tǒng)的總體方案；第二部分是基于圖像處理技術(shù)的火災(zāi)探測方法的論述，主要包括地鐵火災(zāi)探測的原理、基于圖像邊緣散射度火災(zāi)探測算法設(shè)計及實現(xiàn)；第三部分是系統(tǒng)軟件硬件詳細設(shè)計，包括地鐵列車火災(zāi)探測部分、應(yīng)急照明控制器、應(yīng)急照明集中電源以及分配電裝置的設(shè)計。 論文中設(shè)計地鐵區(qū)間應(yīng)急疏散系統(tǒng)在列車發(fā)生火災(zāi)時，首先從地鐵列車視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中獲取監(jiān)控圖像，，地鐵列車火災(zāi)探測系統(tǒng)通過對監(jiān)控圖像的處理識別出火災(zāi)的發(fā)生，并通過數(shù)字電臺向應(yīng)急照明控制器報警；其次，應(yīng)急照明控制器通過火災(zāi)報警信息生成相應(yīng)的疏散預(yù)案，并下發(fā)到應(yīng)急燈具端；最后人員通過應(yīng)急燈具的引導(dǎo)下安全疏散。在日常狀態(tài)下，地鐵區(qū)間應(yīng)急疏散系統(tǒng)可以實時監(jiān)控所有疏散設(shè)備的運行狀態(tài)，為地鐵應(yīng)急疏散設(shè)備的管理和維護提供支持。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, traffic pressure in various cities is becoming more and more serious. Subway has become the focus of the development of urban public transportation because of its characteristics of large volume, environmental protection, fast and so on, which can effectively dredge the dense passenger flow in the city. However, deep underground subway, complex structure, no natural light, the characteristics of emergency rescue brought great difficulties, once the fire and other sudden accidents, it is easy to cause casualties and economic losses. At present, the subway train fire alarm mainly depends on manual monitoring. Although the emergency lighting system in the subway section can automatically switch in the case of normal lighting failure, it cannot give an effective evacuation direction according to the location of the fire. These deficiencies can not meet the development requirements of subway emergency lighting. Therefore, the research of subway emergency evacuation system with train fire detection function has great practical significance and application value. Based on the background of subway train and its running interval, this paper analyzes the functional requirements and system structure of subway emergency evacuation system, and gives the overall design scheme of the system according to the characteristics of subway train and interval tunnel. The problem of subway train fire detection is deeply studied, and a fire detection method based on image edge scattering algorithm is designed. The main contents of this paper include three parts: the first part describes the subway emergency evacuation system composition and main functions as well as the overall scheme of the system; The second part is the discussion of fire detection method based on image processing technology, including the principle of subway fire detection, the design and implementation of fire detection algorithm based on image edge scattering. The third part is the detailed design of the system software and hardware, including the subway train fire detection part, emergency lighting controller, emergency lighting centralized power supply and distribution device design. In this paper, the subway emergency evacuation system is designed to obtain the monitoring image from the subway train video monitoring system when the train fire occurs, and the subway train fire detection system can identify the fire through the processing of the monitoring image. And alarm to emergency lighting controller through digital radio; Secondly, the emergency lighting controller generates the corresponding evacuation plan through the fire alarm information, and sends it down to the end of the emergency lamp. Finally, the personnel are safely evacuated under the guidance of the emergency lamp. In the daily state, the subway emergency evacuation system can monitor the running state of all evacuation equipment in real time, and provide support for the management and maintenance of subway emergency evacuation equipment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U231;U298.2

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