發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-04 20:15

【摘要】：海上交通運(yùn)輸安全保障技術(shù)一直以來是航運(yùn)領(lǐng)域的研究重點(diǎn)。1998-2005年間,發(fā)生了5起重大件海上運(yùn)輸貨損事故。大件貨物的安全運(yùn)輸,一時(shí)引起了廣泛的關(guān)注。雖然船舶航行前,做了各種校核和保障工作,滿足各項(xiàng)規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但是事故還是發(fā)生了�？梢妰H僅依靠理論計(jì)算,是不能夠完全保障船舶貨物運(yùn)輸安全,因此有人提出可對系固綁扎構(gòu)件和船舶結(jié)構(gòu)狀態(tài)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測。通過使用結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測技術(shù),船舶航行過程中如若出現(xiàn)危險(xiǎn)情況(超過系統(tǒng)對具體位置設(shè)定的報(bào)警監(jiān)測值),系統(tǒng)會自動(dòng)進(jìn)行報(bào)警,船員可根據(jù)具體情況及時(shí)采取規(guī)避措施。同時(shí)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)可對航行數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行收集和保存,通過對收集數(shù)據(jù)的分析和比對,可為以后的系固綁扎方案及遇到類似危險(xiǎn)情況積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)。相關(guān)人員也能夠根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)分析的結(jié)果,在航行前就加強(qiáng)保障措施,進(jìn)一步提高大件運(yùn)輸?shù)陌踩�。目前只有少�?shù)的集裝箱船、散貨船和油船裝上了結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),而對于運(yùn)輸重大件的船舶卻鮮有研究和報(bào)道。 基于進(jìn)一步提高大件運(yùn)輸安全性,本文就結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測技術(shù)應(yīng)用于海上重大件運(yùn)輸?shù)谋匾院涂尚行赃M(jìn)行探討,并就監(jiān)測所用傳感器和監(jiān)測位置的選擇進(jìn)行了分析。具體的研究工作如下： 1)歸納分析了結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測技術(shù)原理及研究進(jìn)展,同時(shí)就監(jiān)測技術(shù)在其他領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用做了介紹。本文選擇重大件導(dǎo)管架駁運(yùn)為監(jiān)測對象,結(jié)合規(guī)范分析了駁船的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和薄弱區(qū)域,并就導(dǎo)管架的駁運(yùn)方式、系固方式以及運(yùn)輸過程中的穩(wěn)性和強(qiáng)度要求做了分析和探討。由此說明使用監(jiān)測的必要性和可行性。 2)就監(jiān)測技術(shù)中應(yīng)用的傳感器的選擇做了優(yōu)選分析。同時(shí)就傳感器布置位置的選擇以及傳感器的安裝方式做了簡要介紹。 3)通過對駁運(yùn)導(dǎo)管架運(yùn)輸有限元計(jì)算結(jié)果分析,并依據(jù)相關(guān)規(guī)范,確定了對駁船進(jìn)行監(jiān)測的具體位置點(diǎn),通過在這些點(diǎn)和區(qū)域布置傳感器,提出設(shè)想構(gòu)建結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的子模塊—駁船局部強(qiáng)度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。
[Abstract]:The safety and security technology of maritime transportation has always been the focus of research in the field of shipping. From 1998 to 2005, there were 5 large cases of marine transportation damage accidents. The safe transportation of large goods has caused widespread concern for the time being. Although the ship was checked and guaranteed before sailing to meet the standards, the accident still occurred. It can be seen that only relying on theoretical calculation can not completely guarantee the safety of ship cargo transportation. Therefore, it has been proposed that the real time monitoring of fastening and binding components and the state of ship structure can be carried out. By using the structural monitoring technology, if there is a dangerous situation (exceeding the alarm monitoring value set by the system for the specific position) in the course of navigation, the system will automatically alarm, and the crew can take timely evading measures according to the specific situation. At the same time, the monitoring system can collect and preserve the navigation data. Through the analysis and comparison of the collected data, it can accumulate experience for the later fastening and binding scheme and the similar dangerous situation. According to the results of data analysis, the relevant personnel can strengthen the safeguard measures before sailing and further improve the safety of large-haul transportation. At present, only a few container ships, bulk carriers and oil tankers are equipped with structural monitoring systems. In this paper, the necessity and feasibility of the application of structural monitoring technology to the transportation of large parts at sea are discussed, and the selection of sensors and monitoring positions used in monitoring is analyzed. The specific research work is as follows: 1) the principle and research progress of structural monitoring technology are summarized and analyzed. At the same time, the application of monitoring technology in other fields is introduced. In this paper, the structure characteristics and weak area of barge are analyzed in combination with the specifications, and the mooring mode, fastening mode, stability and strength requirements in the course of transportation are analyzed and discussed. This shows the necessity and feasibility of using monitoring. 2) the selection of sensors used in monitoring technology is analyzed. At the same time, the selection of the sensor location and the installation mode of the sensor are briefly introduced. 3) by analyzing the finite element calculation results of the barge jacket transportation, and according to the relevant codes, the specific position points for the barge monitoring are determined, and the sensors are arranged in these points and areas. A sub-module of structural monitoring system, barge local strength monitoring system, is proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TP274;U698.3

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本文編號：2311020