我國(guó)加入壓載水公約的分析和對(duì)策研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-25 18:37
【摘要】：船舶壓載水是外來(lái)水生物和病原體轉(zhuǎn)移的一個(gè)重要途徑,其對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境、人體健康、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和海洋資源所造成的威脅和損害引起了全世界的廣泛關(guān)注。為了緩解并最終消除這一問(wèn)題,國(guó)際海事組織(IMO)制定并于2004年2月通過(guò)了《2004年國(guó)際船舶壓載水和沉積物控制和管理公約》。它是IMO第一個(gè)涉及生物入侵方面的公約,對(duì)海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)和航運(yùn)業(yè)具有深刻影響。 我國(guó)是IMO的A類理事國(guó),同時(shí)也是一個(gè)航運(yùn)大國(guó)和漁業(yè)大國(guó),應(yīng)當(dāng)在壓載水公約履約方面做好準(zhǔn)備并作出表率。雖然目前壓載水公約還未達(dá)到規(guī)定的生效條件,但是從發(fā)展形勢(shì)來(lái)看,生效將成為必然,而且為期也不會(huì)太遠(yuǎn)。另外,為了保護(hù)本國(guó)水域的生態(tài)安全和相關(guān)利益,不少國(guó)家都制定了單邊要求,無(wú)論公約生效違反與否,航行至此類國(guó)家的船舶都必須遵守壓載水管理的相關(guān)規(guī)定。因此,研究分析我國(guó)履行壓載水公約面臨的形勢(shì)和應(yīng)該采取的對(duì)策具有重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文以《2004年國(guó)際船舶壓載水和沉積物控制和管理公約》為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)該公約的有關(guān)要求,利用基于層次分析法的SWOT分析模型對(duì)我國(guó)履行公約存在的優(yōu)勢(shì)、不足以及面臨的機(jī)會(huì)和挑戰(zhàn)進(jìn)行了定性和定量分析,并通過(guò)構(gòu)造判斷矩陣和進(jìn)行權(quán)重比較給出了履行公約應(yīng)選擇的實(shí)施戰(zhàn)略,即開(kāi)拓型戰(zhàn)略(SO戰(zhàn)略)。根據(jù)分析情況,本文從締約國(guó)的角度出發(fā),提出了履行壓載水公約應(yīng)采取的對(duì)策,著重闡述了作為一個(gè)主管機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)該采取的措施。文章主要內(nèi)容包括,論文的研究背景和意義、壓載水公約的主要內(nèi)容和要求、國(guó)內(nèi)外壓載水管理工作開(kāi)展?fàn)顩r,我國(guó)加入壓載水公約的SWOT分析和應(yīng)采取的對(duì)策措施等。
[Abstract]:Ship ballast water is an important way to transfer foreign aquatic organisms and pathogens. The threat and damage caused by ballast water to ecological environment, human health, economic development and marine resources have attracted wide attention all over the world. In order to alleviate and eventually eliminate this problem, the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast Water and sediments of ships (2004) was formulated and adopted by the IMO (IMO) in February 2004. It is the first IMO convention to deal with biological invasion and has a profound impact on marine environmental protection and shipping industry. China is a Class A member of IMO, and also a big shipping country and a big fishing country. It should be prepared and set an example in the implementation of ballast water convention. Although the current ballast water convention has not yet met the required conditions for entry into force, but from the perspective of the development situation, it will become inevitable and will not be too far away. In addition, in order to protect the ecological safety and related interests of their own waters, many countries have formulated unilateral requirements, no matter whether the Convention is in force or not, ships sailing to such countries must abide by the relevant provisions of ballast water management. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study and analyze the situation and countermeasures to fulfill the ballast water convention in China. In this paper, the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast Water and sediments of ships in 2004 is taken as the research object. According to the requirements of the Convention, the SWOT analysis model based on the Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to the implementation of the Convention in China. The deficiency, the opportunity and the challenge are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, and the implementation strategy that should be chosen to fulfill the convention is given by constructing the judgment matrix and comparing the weights, that is, the pioneering strategy (SO strategy). Based on the analysis of the situation, this paper puts forward the countermeasures to fulfill the ballast water convention from the point of view of the state party, and emphatically expounds the measures that should be taken as a competent authority. The main contents of this paper include the background and significance of the research, the main contents and requirements of the ballast water convention, the status of ballast water management at home and abroad, the SWOT analysis of China's joining the ballast water convention and the countermeasures to be taken.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：U698.7
[Abstract]:Ship ballast water is an important way to transfer foreign aquatic organisms and pathogens. The threat and damage caused by ballast water to ecological environment, human health, economic development and marine resources have attracted wide attention all over the world. In order to alleviate and eventually eliminate this problem, the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast Water and sediments of ships (2004) was formulated and adopted by the IMO (IMO) in February 2004. It is the first IMO convention to deal with biological invasion and has a profound impact on marine environmental protection and shipping industry. China is a Class A member of IMO, and also a big shipping country and a big fishing country. It should be prepared and set an example in the implementation of ballast water convention. Although the current ballast water convention has not yet met the required conditions for entry into force, but from the perspective of the development situation, it will become inevitable and will not be too far away. In addition, in order to protect the ecological safety and related interests of their own waters, many countries have formulated unilateral requirements, no matter whether the Convention is in force or not, ships sailing to such countries must abide by the relevant provisions of ballast water management. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study and analyze the situation and countermeasures to fulfill the ballast water convention in China. In this paper, the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast Water and sediments of ships in 2004 is taken as the research object. According to the requirements of the Convention, the SWOT analysis model based on the Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to the implementation of the Convention in China. The deficiency, the opportunity and the challenge are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, and the implementation strategy that should be chosen to fulfill the convention is given by constructing the judgment matrix and comparing the weights, that is, the pioneering strategy (SO strategy). Based on the analysis of the situation, this paper puts forward the countermeasures to fulfill the ballast water convention from the point of view of the state party, and emphatically expounds the measures that should be taken as a competent authority. The main contents of this paper include the background and significance of the research, the main contents and requirements of the ballast water convention, the status of ballast water management at home and abroad, the SWOT analysis of China's joining the ballast water convention and the countermeasures to be taken.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：U698.7
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