【摘要】：隨著全球能源供應(yīng)的日益緊張,節(jié)能與環(huán)保成為了全世界共同關(guān)注的話題。建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的保溫技術(shù)為建筑節(jié)能做出了卓越貢獻(xiàn),但新材料的使用給建筑帶來了一定的火災(zāi)隱患,一系列的火災(zāi)事故反應(yīng)出建筑外保溫系統(tǒng)給建筑的安全應(yīng)用帶來了相當(dāng)?shù)娘L(fēng)險。因此,開展建筑外墻保溫體系的火災(zāi)危險性研究,對研制安全高效的建筑保溫材料,揭示典型保溫材料的火災(zāi)蔓延特性及規(guī)律,有著重要的實(shí)現(xiàn)意義。 本文選取普通型聚苯乙烯和阻燃型聚苯乙烯兩種市場上常見的典型EPS保溫材料原料與成品作為研究對象,從原料、材料到整個保溫體系進(jìn)行了一個完整序列的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論分析等研究手段,對EPS建筑外墻保溫體系進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究分析。 通過對EPS原料顆粒的熱解動力學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：普通型和阻燃型兩種聚苯乙烯原料顆粒熱解溫度范圍均在350～450℃,普通型聚苯乙烯在熱解階段持續(xù)溫度范圍更廣,約高于阻燃型聚苯乙烯20℃。在受熱熱解過程中兩種原料均表現(xiàn)出相似的燃燒性能,雖然阻燃型聚苯乙烯能在釋放出來的溫度峰值相對較低,熱解持續(xù)時間相對較短,但相對于整個火場宏觀溫度變化上是微不足道的。 通過對EPS保溫板垂直壁面蔓延特性的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：普通型和阻燃型聚苯乙烯保溫板在點(diǎn)型火源作用下,垂直壁面蔓延速度遵循t7的蔓延規(guī)律,即火焰前鋒位置隨時間按照y=a1t7+a2t6+…+a7t+b的關(guān)系變化,而垂直壁面蔓延速度則按照規(guī)律變化。厚度是影響聚苯乙烯垂直壁面蔓延速度的重要因素,厚度對垂直壁面蔓延速度影響存在一個臨界值H。達(dá)到H之前,垂直壁面蔓延速度隨厚度的增加而增加；超過H后,垂直壁面蔓延速率呈平穩(wěn)趨勢。 通過對EPS保溫體系整體燃燒特性的研究,兩種類型基材在SBI實(shí)驗(yàn)中各組數(shù)據(jù)相當(dāng),普通型和阻燃型EPS保溫板本身燃燒級別均屬于B級,表明一般添加阻燃劑的方法對EPS保溫板燃燒性能級別的提高沒有明顯作用。在保溫體系的SBI實(shí)驗(yàn)中,普通型EPS保溫體系燃燒級別為D級,阻燃型EPS保溫體系燃燒級別為C級,保溫體系中粘結(jié)層使用的膠泥是導(dǎo)致火勢擴(kuò)大的關(guān)鍵因素。
[Abstract]:With the global energy supply increasingly tight, energy conservation and environmental protection has become a common concern around the world. The insulation technology of building envelope has made remarkable contribution to building energy conservation, but the use of new materials has brought some hidden dangers to the building. A series of fire accidents reflect that the building external insulation system brings considerable risk to the safety application of the building. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the fire hazard of thermal insulation system of exterior wall of buildings, to develop safe and efficient building insulation materials and to reveal the fire spreading characteristics and rules of typical thermal insulation materials. In this paper, typical EPS insulation materials and finished products, which are common in the market of common polystyrene and flame-retardant polystyrene, are selected as the research objects, and a complete sequence of experiments is carried out from the raw materials, materials to the whole insulation system. By means of experiment and theoretical analysis, this paper makes a systematic research and analysis on EPS building exterior wall insulation system. Through the study of pyrolysis kinetics of EPS raw material particles, it was found that the pyrolysis temperature range of both common and flame-retardant polystyrene raw material particles was 350 ~ 450 鈩，

本文編號：2290134