發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-07 20:17

【摘要】：目前,城市軌道交通是人們?nèi)粘３鲂凶钪匾慕煌üぞ咧?雖然它給人們帶來了便捷,但由于其車站結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、空間密閉,一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi)、爆炸、恐怖襲擊等突發(fā)事件,極有可能因車站應(yīng)急疏散能力不足導(dǎo)致人員無法完成安全疏散,所以有必要對軌道交通車站的應(yīng)急疏散能力進(jìn)行評估,識別疏散“瓶頸”,提出突發(fā)情況下提高人群疏散效率的措施,避免安全事故的發(fā)生。由于重慶輕軌的獨(dú)特性、示范性和可推廣性,以及地下車站的復(fù)雜性,故本文將以重慶輕軌地下車站為研究對象,采用計(jì)算機(jī)仿真的方法對其應(yīng)急疏散問題進(jìn)行研究,并提出相應(yīng)的措施來提高人群疏散效率。首先,本文對城市軌道交通突發(fā)事件的定義、特點(diǎn)及類型進(jìn)行了概述,分析了突發(fā)情況下影響行人疏散行為的因素,從群體和個(gè)體層面描述了行人的疏散行為特征,為后面疏散仿真模型的建立提供了理論依據(jù)。其次,簡述了重慶軌道交通現(xiàn)狀,對已有的輕軌地下車站進(jìn)行了總結(jié)分類,根據(jù)客流調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù),分析了重慶輕軌地下車站客流特性,通過對重慶輕軌地下車站應(yīng)急疏散現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)了其在疏散人員、疏散設(shè)施以及疏散管理三方面存在的問題,進(jìn)一步說明了本文對重慶輕軌地下車站應(yīng)急疏散問題進(jìn)行研究的必要性。再次,基于元胞自動機(jī)模型的微觀離散建模技術(shù),建立了本文的行人疏散仿真模型,該模型以單元格轉(zhuǎn)移概率來規(guī)定個(gè)體運(yùn)動規(guī)則,不但引入了理性系數(shù)、熟悉系數(shù)及引導(dǎo)系數(shù),還解決了多人爭奪同一單元格的沖突問題。之后在Visual Studio環(huán)境下使用C#語言建立了仿真系統(tǒng),對重慶輕軌3號線南坪站進(jìn)行了突發(fā)情況下行人疏散仿真模擬,得到的結(jié)論是:南坪站應(yīng)急疏散能力能夠滿足規(guī)范要求,但仍然存在疏散“瓶頸”。最后,對模型參數(shù)進(jìn)行了敏感性分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)各系數(shù)與疏散時(shí)間成反比,其中,引導(dǎo)系數(shù)對疏散時(shí)間的影響最明顯,根據(jù)敏感性分析結(jié)論,以增加疏散人員的理性程度、對車站環(huán)境的熟悉程度以及應(yīng)急疏散引導(dǎo)程度為出發(fā)點(diǎn),提出了相應(yīng)的提高重慶輕軌地下車站應(yīng)急疏散效率的措施,可以為重慶輕軌地下車站應(yīng)急疏散設(shè)施的設(shè)計(jì)及應(yīng)急疏散管理的完善提供參考。
[Abstract]:At present, urban rail transit is one of the most important vehicles for people to travel daily. Although it brings convenience to people, but because of its complex structure and airtight space, once fire, explosion, terrorist attack and other emergencies occur, It is very likely that the emergency evacuation capacity of the railway station will not be able to complete the safe evacuation, so it is necessary to evaluate the emergency evacuation ability of the rail transit station and identify the "bottleneck" of the evacuation. The measures to improve the efficiency of evacuation are put forward to avoid the occurrence of safety accidents. Because of the uniqueness, demonstration and extensibility of Chongqing light rail, and the complexity of underground station, this paper will take Chongqing Light Rail Underground Station as the research object, and use computer simulation method to study the emergency evacuation problem of Chongqing Light Rail Underground Station. And put forward the corresponding measures to improve the efficiency of crowd evacuation. First of all, this paper summarizes the definition, characteristics and types of urban rail transit emergencies, analyzes the factors that affect pedestrian evacuation behavior, describes the pedestrian evacuation behavior characteristics from the group and individual level. It provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of the evacuation simulation model. Secondly, the present situation of Chongqing rail transit is briefly introduced, the existing light rail underground stations are summarized and classified, and the passenger flow characteristics of Chongqing light rail underground stations are analyzed according to the passenger flow investigation data. By analyzing the emergency evacuation situation of Chongqing Light Rail Underground Station, the problems in evacuation personnel, evacuation facilities and evacuation management are found. The necessity of the study on emergency evacuation of Chongqing Light Rail Underground Station is further explained in this paper. Thirdly, based on the micro discrete modeling technology of cellular automata model, the pedestrian evacuation simulation model is established in this paper. The model defines individual motion rules by cell transfer probability, and not only introduces rational coefficient, The familiarity coefficient and the guide coefficient also solve the conflict problem in which many people compete for the same cell. Then the simulation system is established by using C # language in Visual Studio environment, and the pedestrian evacuation simulation of Nanping Station on Chongqing Light Rail Line 3 is carried out. The conclusion is that the emergency evacuation ability of Nanping Station can meet the requirements of specifications. But there is still an evacuation bottleneck. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the model parameters shows that the coefficients are inversely proportional to the evacuation time, among which, the guidance coefficient has the most obvious effect on the evacuation time. According to the sensitivity analysis conclusion, the rational degree of evacuees can be increased. Based on the familiar degree of station environment and emergency evacuation guidance degree, the corresponding measures to improve the emergency evacuation efficiency of Chongqing Light Rail Underground Station are put forward. It can provide reference for the design of emergency evacuation facilities and the improvement of emergency evacuation management in Chongqing Light Rail Underground Station.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U298

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