【摘要】：隨著新科技的不斷引進(jìn)，生產(chǎn)方式也在動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整，與之相適應(yīng)的安全生產(chǎn)應(yīng)急能力也應(yīng)當(dāng)隨之適應(yīng)性地躍遷。本文基于免疫、遺傳和進(jìn)化理論類比研究安全生產(chǎn)應(yīng)急能力躍遷機(jī)理。應(yīng)急能力的躍遷過程劃分為基態(tài)、激發(fā)態(tài)和定態(tài)�；诿庖呃碚撗芯繎�(yīng)急能力躍遷前的基態(tài)機(jī)理，基于遺傳理論研究躍遷中的激發(fā)態(tài)機(jī)理，基于生物進(jìn)化的相容性理論研究躍遷后的定態(tài)機(jī)理。同時(shí)在整個(gè)應(yīng)急能力躍遷的過程中關(guān)注人的因素的核心作用，通過認(rèn)知神經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究應(yīng)急人員的應(yīng)急反應(yīng)機(jī)理。主體研究?jī)?nèi)容包括以下六個(gè)部分： 第一部分，以安全生產(chǎn)應(yīng)急能力躍遷的內(nèi)涵界定和狀態(tài)劃分為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，基于相似理論論證了運(yùn)用生物學(xué)中免疫、遺傳和進(jìn)化理論來類比研究應(yīng)急能力躍遷機(jī)理的前提條件。在此前提條件下，建立了生物學(xué)理論與應(yīng)急能力理論之間具有同態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系的相似性模型，論證了兩者之間進(jìn)行類比研究的科學(xué)性和合理性。在類比研究前提論證的基礎(chǔ)上，確立了應(yīng)急能力躍遷機(jī)理的研究層次。應(yīng)急能力躍遷機(jī)理的研究在躍遷過程的每個(gè)狀態(tài)下按照原則性機(jī)理、原理性機(jī)理和操作性機(jī)理展開。 第二部分，在應(yīng)急能力躍遷前的基態(tài)，在原則性機(jī)理中，通過免疫理論到應(yīng)急能力的隱喻化，建立了應(yīng)急能力的免疫調(diào)控模型。在原理性機(jī)理中，進(jìn)行了應(yīng)急能力的免疫功能、免疫過程、免疫結(jié)構(gòu)和免疫屬性的分析。在操作性機(jī)理中，通過故障模式及影響分析，監(jiān)控應(yīng)急能力的免疫工作狀態(tài)，以綜合風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)衡量應(yīng)急免疫應(yīng)對(duì)事故災(zāi)難的能力，以此作為應(yīng)急能力躍遷的依據(jù)。 第三部分，在應(yīng)急能力躍遷中的激發(fā)態(tài)，在原則性機(jī)理中，通過遺傳理論到應(yīng)急能力的隱喻化，建立了應(yīng)急能力的突變調(diào)控模型。在原理性機(jī)理中，分析了催生應(yīng)急能力躍遷的各項(xiàng)動(dòng)力因素，建立了應(yīng)急能力躍遷的三閘門動(dòng)力模型。在應(yīng)急能力躍遷的過程分析中，首先進(jìn)行了應(yīng)急能力對(duì)安全環(huán)境的態(tài)勢(shì)感知分析，然后基于生物學(xué)中的遺傳理論研究了應(yīng)急能力躍遷中的遺傳突變過程。在操作性機(jī)理中，在企業(yè)種群進(jìn)化環(huán)境下，運(yùn)用突變理論的勢(shì)函數(shù)分析法對(duì)本企業(yè)的應(yīng)急能力水平進(jìn)行定位，然后通過對(duì)標(biāo)分析確定應(yīng)急能力躍遷的路徑。 第四部分，在應(yīng)急能力躍遷后的定態(tài)，在原則性機(jī)理中，首先運(yùn)用突變理論的流形分析法論證相容性在定態(tài)中的重要性，然后通過生物進(jìn)化的相容性理論到應(yīng)急能力的隱喻化，建立了應(yīng)急能力的相容調(diào)控模型。在應(yīng)急能力的原理性機(jī)理中，分析了應(yīng)急能力相容的過程，提出了應(yīng)急能力相容的五種基本模式。在操作性機(jī)理中，基于過程改進(jìn)理論建立了應(yīng)急能力相容工作的運(yùn)行邏輯，給出了完成應(yīng)急能力相容工作的9個(gè)步驟。 第五部分，在應(yīng)急能力躍遷中人的因素方面，首先論證了人的因素在應(yīng)急能力中的重要性。通過事故災(zāi)難的案例，分析了應(yīng)急反應(yīng)能力在人的因素中的重要性。分析了經(jīng)典的研究人的反應(yīng)能力的理論和不足之處，引入現(xiàn)代認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)的理論分析了克服經(jīng)典理論研究局限的方法。根據(jù)認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)的方法進(jìn)行了應(yīng)急人員對(duì)于自動(dòng)化控制界面中安全信號(hào)的反應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過測(cè)試被試人員的視覺失匹配指標(biāo)，揭示了應(yīng)急人員對(duì)于不同類型安全信號(hào)的反應(yīng)機(jī)理。 最后，針對(duì)應(yīng)急能力躍遷過程中的三種狀態(tài)和躍遷中人的因素特點(diǎn)提出提升應(yīng)急能力躍遷質(zhì)量的對(duì)策建議。在應(yīng)急能力躍遷前的基態(tài)，建議通過應(yīng)急能力運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析來判斷應(yīng)急能力躍遷的時(shí)機(jī)。在應(yīng)急能力躍遷中的激發(fā)態(tài)，建議通過利用應(yīng)急能力躍遷的動(dòng)力，并有效尋找應(yīng)急能力躍遷的應(yīng)急能力要素，從兩個(gè)方面提升應(yīng)急能力躍遷的效率。在應(yīng)急能力躍遷后的定態(tài)，建議通過應(yīng)急能力的相容性操作，使應(yīng)急能力盡快達(dá)到躍遷后的穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。同時(shí)，根據(jù)應(yīng)急能力反應(yīng)機(jī)理，針對(duì)應(yīng)急人員的能力選擇、能力調(diào)配和能力改善提出相應(yīng)的對(duì)策建議，從人的因素方面促進(jìn)應(yīng)急能力的躍遷。
[Abstract]:With the continuous introduction of new technology, the mode of production is also dynamically adjusted, and the corresponding emergency capability of production safety should also be adapted to the transition.This paper studies the transition mechanism of emergency capability of production safety based on immunity, genetic and evolutionary theory analogy.The transition process of emergency capability is divided into ground state, excited state and steady state. Epidemic theory studies the ground state mechanism before the transition of emergency capability, the excited state mechanism during the transition based on genetic theory, and the steady state mechanism after the transition based on the compatibility theory of biological evolution. The main research contents include the following six parts:
In the first part, based on the similarity theory, the preconditions of applying the immunity, heredity and evolution theory in biology to analogize and study the mechanism of the transition of emergency capability are discussed. Under these preconditions, the similarity between the theory of biology and the theory of emergency capability is established. The similarity model of state correspondence relation demonstrates the scientificity and rationality of the analogy study between the two. On the basis of the premise of analogy study, the research level of the mechanism of emergency capability transition is established. The sexual mechanism develops.
In the second part, in the ground state before the transition of emergency capability, in the principle mechanism, the immune regulation model of emergency capability is established through the metaphorization from immune theory to emergency capability. In the principle mechanism, the immune function, immune process, immune structure and immune attribute of emergency capability are analyzed. Obstacle model and impact analysis are used to monitor the immune status of emergency response capability, and comprehensive risk index is used to measure the ability of emergency immunization to respond to accidents and disasters.
In the third part, the excitation state in the transition of emergency capability is analyzed, and through the metaphorization from genetic theory to emergency capability, the catastrophe control model of emergency capability is established. In the process analysis of capability transition, the situation perception of emergency capability to safety environment is analyzed firstly, and then the genetic mutation process in emergency capability transition is studied based on genetic theory in biology. The ability level is positioned, and then the path of emergency capability transition is determined by benchmarking analysis.
In the fourth part, in the steady state after the transition of emergency capability, in the principle mechanism, the importance of compatibility in the steady state is demonstrated by the manifold analysis method of catastrophe theory, and then the compatibility regulation model of emergency capability is established through the metaphorization from the compatibility theory of biological evolution to the emergency capability. In this paper, the process of compatibility of emergency capability is analyzed, and five basic modes of compatibility of emergency capability are put forward.
In the fifth part, the importance of human factors in emergency response ability is demonstrated firstly. The importance of emergency response ability in human factors is analyzed through accident and disaster cases. The theory and shortcomings of classical researcher's response ability are analyzed, and modern cognitive neuroscience is introduced. Based on the cognitive neuroscience method, the response of emergency personnel to the safety signals in the automatic control interface is experimented. The response mechanism of emergency personnel to different types of safety signals is revealed by testing the visual mismatch index of the subjects.
Finally, according to the three states in the process of emergency capability transition and the characteristics of human factors in the transition, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the quality of emergency capability transition. It is suggested that the efficiency of emergency capability transition can be improved by utilizing the power of emergency capability transition and effectively finding the elements of emergency capability transition. According to the mechanism of ability response, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the ability selection, ability deployment and ability improvement of emergency personnel, so as to promote the transition of emergency capability from the aspect of human factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X910

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