【摘要】：在煤礦開采過程中,瓦斯一向是威脅煤礦安全生產(chǎn)的主要災(zāi)害之一。目前,礦井瓦斯抽采為防治煤與瓦斯突出最重要的舉措。然而,不斷增加的煤層開采深度,給瓦斯抽采工作帶來了新的難題。開采深度的增加,致使煤層瓦斯含量和壓力增大,煤層透氣性急劇降低,瓦斯抽采效果嚴重受到影響。因此,實現(xiàn)煤礦安全高效生產(chǎn)的重要手段就是提高煤層的透氣性。 本文通過理論探討、數(shù)值模擬結(jié)合現(xiàn)場試驗的方法,對低透氣性高瓦斯煤層深孔預(yù)裂爆破卸壓增透效應(yīng)機理進行了研究。首先分析了煤體瓦斯賦存及其流動理論；其次探討了深孔預(yù)裂爆破卸壓增透的作用機理,得出了炸藥爆炸后,在爆破孔周圍煤體中產(chǎn)生了相互貫通的交叉裂隙網(wǎng)；且在裂隙擴展過程中,爆轟應(yīng)力波、爆生氣體起主要作用,控制孔提供了輔助自由面,煤體瓦斯壓力進一步促進了煤體裂隙的擴展。研究表明深孔預(yù)裂爆破使得煤體裂隙增加,透氣性增大,有效地預(yù)防和消除了煤與瓦斯突出的危險。同時,建立了煤層深孔預(yù)裂爆破卸壓增透的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA軟件,模擬了不同時刻煤體的應(yīng)力分布和裂隙擴展。兩爆破孔距離6-7m,爆破后,可以產(chǎn)生大量的貫通裂隙,進而形成裂隙網(wǎng),使煤體的透氣性大大增加。最后,通過潘一東礦11-2煤1252(1)軌順底板巷的現(xiàn)場工業(yè)試驗研究表明：深孔預(yù)裂爆破卸壓增透效果明顯,有效卸壓半徑可達4m,瓦斯抽采量和抽采率有很大的提高,具有重要的社會價值和經(jīng)濟效益。
[Abstract]:In the process of coal mining, gas has always been one of the main disasters threatening the safety of coal production. At present, gas drainage is the most important measure to prevent coal and gas outburst. However, the increasing coal seam mining depth has brought new problems to the gas drainage work. With the increase of mining depth, the gas content and pressure of coal seam increase, the permeability of coal seam decreases sharply, and the effect of gas extraction is seriously affected. Therefore, the important means to realize coal mine safe and efficient production is to improve the permeability of coal seam. In this paper, the mechanism of pressure-relief and antireflection effect of deep-hole pre-split blasting in low permeability and high gas seam is studied by means of theoretical discussion and numerical simulation combined with field test. Firstly, the occurrence of coal gas and its flow theory are analyzed, then the mechanism of pressure-relief and antireflection in deep-hole pre-splitting blasting is discussed, and it is concluded that after explosive explosion, the intersecting cross fissure network is produced in the coal body around the blasting hole. In the process of crack expansion, detonation stress wave, detonation gas plays a major role, the control hole provides the auxiliary free surface, and the gas pressure of coal body further promotes the expansion of coal fracture. The study shows that the deep-hole pre-splitting blasting can increase the coal fissure and increase the gas permeability, which can effectively prevent and eliminate the danger of coal and gas outburst. At the same time, the mathematical model of pressure-relief and anti-reflection of deep-hole pre-splitting blasting in coal seam is established, and the stress distribution and crack propagation of coal body at different times are simulated by ANSYS/LS-DYNA software. The distance between two blasting holes is 6-7m. after blasting, a large number of perforated cracks can be produced, and then a fissure network is formed, which greatly increases the permeability of coal body. Finally, the field industrial test of 11-2 coal 1252 (1) in Panyidong Coal Mine shows that the pressure relief effect of deep-hole pre-splitting blasting is obvious, the effective pressure relief radius can reach 4 m, and the gas extraction rate and extraction rate are greatly improved. It has important social value and economic benefit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD712.6

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