【摘要】：隨著礦山開采的不斷進行，越來越多的露天礦進入深凹開采階段，所形成的高陡邊坡穩(wěn)定性也越來越差。此外，長期以來礦山企業(yè)對高陡邊坡缺乏科學(xué)合理的監(jiān)測手段，無法真正的掌握邊坡的變形狀態(tài)和發(fā)展規(guī)律，為礦山的安全生產(chǎn)埋下隱患。因此，愈來愈要求大范圍、經(jīng)常性和連續(xù)性地獲取礦山邊坡的變形參數(shù)，并對該參數(shù)進行及時有效的分析處理，，進而對邊坡的穩(wěn)定性作出科學(xué)的變形分析和預(yù)報研究。 邊坡的失穩(wěn)變形是一個由微觀到宏觀的發(fā)展變化過程，只有借助精密的儀器及嚴密的監(jiān)測方法才能獲得目標(biāo)點微小的形變和發(fā)展規(guī)律。針對礦山高陡邊坡特殊的地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)和觀測環(huán)境，測量機器人的出現(xiàn)以最為經(jīng)濟可靠的方式滿足了高陡邊坡變形動態(tài)監(jiān)測中對測量精度的要求。它集成步進馬達和CCD影像傳感器，采用ATR（Automatic Target Recognition）自動目標(biāo)識別技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)了對目標(biāo)的自動照準測量任務(wù)。同時，徠卡測量系統(tǒng)公司為自己生產(chǎn)的測量機器人提供了機載程序軟件開發(fā)平臺“GeoBasic”以及基于計算機在線控制軟件的“GeoCOM”接口技術(shù)平臺，用戶可以根據(jù)不同需求開發(fā)上傳到儀器中的機載程序，也可以開發(fā)外接設(shè)備上的應(yīng)用程序。 在邊坡變形監(jiān)測研究工作中，監(jiān)測是手段、預(yù)測是目的。經(jīng)多年研究，目前對變形數(shù)據(jù)的分析、處理，已形成了一套較為成熟的理論體系，建立了豐富的趨勢擬合與預(yù)測預(yù)報模型，如回歸分析模型，卡爾曼濾波模型、時間序列模型、小波理論、灰色模型以及人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型等。 石人溝鐵礦是我國露天轉(zhuǎn)地下開采較早的鐵礦山，以石人溝鐵礦的邊坡變形監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)為研究對象，運用回歸模型和小波變換對原始監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)進行去噪，還原變形的真實值。建立灰預(yù)測GM（1，1）模型對邊坡的變形趨勢進行預(yù)測，通過橫向和縱向?qū)Ρ确治�，證明了不同長度的數(shù)據(jù)序列對灰預(yù)測模型的精度影響明顯，同時驗證了小波變換結(jié)合灰理論能有效的提高模型的預(yù)測精度。
[Abstract]:With the development of mining, more and more open-pit mines enter the stage of deep pit mining, and the stability of high and steep slope becomes worse and worse. In addition, for a long time, mining enterprises lack scientific and reasonable monitoring means to high and steep slopes, and can not really grasp the deformation state and development law of the slopes, thus laying hidden dangers for the safe production of mines. Therefore, it is more and more necessary to obtain the deformation parameter of mine slope regularly and continuously, and to analyze and deal with the parameter in a timely and effective manner, and to make scientific deformation analysis and prediction study on the stability of the slope. The unstable deformation of slope is a developing process from micro to macro. Only by means of precise instruments and strict monitoring methods can the small deformation and development law of the target point be obtained. In view of the special geological structure and observation environment of high steep slope, the appearance of measuring robot meets the requirement of measuring precision in dynamic monitoring of high steep slope deformation in the most economical and reliable way. It integrates step motor and CCD image sensor, and uses ATR (Automatic Target Recognition) automatic target recognition technology to realize the task of automatic target alignment measurement. At the same time, Leica Measurement Systems Corporation provides the airborne software development platform "GeoBasic" and the "GeoCOM" interface technology platform based on the computer on-line control software for the measurement robot produced by Leica. Users can develop airborne programs uploaded to the instrument according to different requirements, and can also develop applications on external devices. In the study of slope deformation monitoring, monitoring is the means and prediction is the purpose. After many years of research and analysis and processing of deformation data, a set of relatively mature theoretical system has been formed, and rich trend fitting and forecasting models, such as regression analysis model, Kalman filter model, time series model, have been established. Wavelet theory, grey model and artificial neural network model. Shirengou Iron Mine is an early iron mine mountain in our country. Taking the slope deformation monitoring system of Shirengou Iron Mine as the research object, the original monitoring data are de-noised by regression model and wavelet transform, and the true value of deformation is reduced. The deformation trend of slope is predicted by using grey prediction GM (1 + 1) model. The results show that different length data series have obvious influence on the accuracy of grey prediction model. At the same time, it is verified that wavelet transform combined with grey theory can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TD854;TD76

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