【摘要】：近年來(lái),我國(guó)的黃金產(chǎn)量大幅增加,黃金產(chǎn)量連續(xù)六年位居世界第一,但是金礦安全事故也呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì),黃金生產(chǎn)企業(yè)重大傷亡事故頻繁發(fā)生,巨大的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力,要求黃金生產(chǎn)企業(yè)必須加大安全投入,大力扭轉(zhuǎn)目前十分嚴(yán)峻的安全形勢(shì),本文的研究對(duì)象是在金礦行業(yè)中危險(xiǎn)性最高的井工金礦,目的是通過(guò)構(gòu)建井工金礦采選過(guò)程安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng),為黃金生產(chǎn)企業(yè)提高安全管理和技術(shù)水平提供借鑒和參考。目前中國(guó)很多黃金采選企業(yè)已經(jīng)建立了安全監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),但是這些安全監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)一般只能進(jìn)行單一安全指標(biāo)的監(jiān)測(cè),國(guó)內(nèi)科研機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)金礦安全預(yù)警的研究還處于起步和探索階段,通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)檢索尚沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)外在該領(lǐng)域有研究論文和科研成果。本論文以國(guó)家制定的安全法律法規(guī)和國(guó)家和行業(yè)安全技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范為依據(jù),結(jié)合云南和貴州的三個(gè)井工金礦的多年事故統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,以系統(tǒng)科學(xué)的理論作為指導(dǎo),利用安全監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)、安全評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)等科學(xué)的理論和方法,以及計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等先進(jìn)技術(shù)手段,針對(duì)井工金礦采選企業(yè)的特點(diǎn),通過(guò)對(duì)井工金礦采選過(guò)程的危險(xiǎn)性分析,安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)的建立,安全預(yù)警模型的構(gòu)建并建立數(shù)字化的安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng),開(kāi)展動(dòng)態(tài)的安全監(jiān)控與預(yù)警,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)安全生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)、診斷、控制、矯正為預(yù)防及減少事故的發(fā)生,提供理論依據(jù)及技術(shù)支持,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)井工金礦采選過(guò)程的前饋控制、過(guò)程控制、反饋控制的綜合控制,并最終實(shí)現(xiàn)井工金礦采選企業(yè)本質(zhì)安全化管理的目標(biāo)。本文以：(1)安全預(yù)警理論和技術(shù)模型的構(gòu)建,(2)井工金礦采選過(guò)程危險(xiǎn)性分析,(3)井工金礦采選過(guò)程安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)體系的建立,(4)井工金礦采選過(guò)程安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng)模型的構(gòu)建,(5)井工金礦采選過(guò)程安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的建立與實(shí)現(xiàn)五個(gè)方面為本研究的重點(diǎn)。通過(guò)收集和研讀大量國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn),實(shí)地調(diào)查研究、理論和實(shí)證研究、設(shè)計(jì)研究等方法,開(kāi)展了系統(tǒng)的研究,取得了如下主要結(jié)論和成果。1.理論研究方面。本文從安全哲學(xué)入手進(jìn)行了安全預(yù)警理論和技術(shù)以及實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑的研究,本文認(rèn)為安全預(yù)警研究的思想根源是以本質(zhì)安全思想為核心的現(xiàn)代安全哲學(xué),安全預(yù)警研究的動(dòng)力是社會(huì)文明進(jìn)步和人類追求自身安全的客觀需要。現(xiàn)代系統(tǒng)理論：系統(tǒng)論、控制論、信息論、突變論、協(xié)同論、耗散結(jié)構(gòu)論是安全預(yù)警研究的方法論基礎(chǔ),事故致因理論為安全預(yù)警研究提供了研究的對(duì)象,通過(guò)這些基礎(chǔ)理論的梳理,我們可以清晰的了解安全預(yù)警研究的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)和前進(jìn)方向。其次,本文認(rèn)為：安全預(yù)警的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)主要是安全監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)、安全評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)和安全預(yù)警技術(shù),它們的邏輯順序是：首先通過(guò)安全監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)獲得井工金礦采選過(guò)程危險(xiǎn)因素的監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)值,安全評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)依據(jù)安全監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià),安全預(yù)警技術(shù)依據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)的結(jié)果進(jìn)行安全狀態(tài)的預(yù)警,這三種技術(shù)在安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建中環(huán)環(huán)相扣,組成安全預(yù)警的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ),最后本研究從理論上闡述了安全預(yù)警的功能和實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑。2.危險(xiǎn)性分析方面。危險(xiǎn)性分析是進(jìn)行安全預(yù)警研究的基礎(chǔ),通過(guò)危險(xiǎn)性分析可以把握系統(tǒng)的事故類型和災(zāi)害特征從而形成對(duì)預(yù)警對(duì)象的清晰認(rèn)識(shí)。本研究從金礦賦存條件、開(kāi)采方式、環(huán)境、災(zāi)害性質(zhì)等方面,分析了井工金礦采選過(guò)程生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以事故致因理論為基礎(chǔ),通過(guò)事故發(fā)生的維度與機(jī)理分析,設(shè)計(jì)出四維的井工金礦采選過(guò)程維度模型和事故發(fā)生的機(jī)理模型和井工金礦采選過(guò)程安全影響因素體系,為了使本研究構(gòu)建的井工金礦采選過(guò)程安全影響因素體系更加系統(tǒng)化,本文借助解釋結(jié)構(gòu)模型的方法,通過(guò)鄰接矩陣、可達(dá)矩陣等的計(jì)算建立了井工金礦采選過(guò)程安全影響因素的解釋結(jié)構(gòu)模型。3.安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)體系建立方面。安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)是安全監(jiān)測(cè)和安全預(yù)警的對(duì)象,是對(duì)井工金礦采選過(guò)程安全影響因素的提煉和升華,可以系統(tǒng)的反映整個(gè)安全生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的安全狀況,本文通過(guò)對(duì)井工金礦采選過(guò)程的設(shè)備、物料、能源、工藝、人員、外部監(jiān)管、管理等5個(gè)方面的系統(tǒng)分析,從外部安全監(jiān)管、環(huán)境、設(shè)備、管理、人員等方面建立了包含5個(gè)一級(jí)安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)和73個(gè)二級(jí)安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)的井工金礦采選過(guò)程安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)體系。4.安全預(yù)警的層次及模型的構(gòu)建。本文在預(yù)警模型理論和模型構(gòu)建原則闡述的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)現(xiàn)有安全預(yù)警模型研究存在的注重整體預(yù)警,缺乏單指標(biāo)預(yù)警和子系統(tǒng)預(yù)警的不足,建立了安全預(yù)警層次結(jié)構(gòu),按照單指標(biāo)預(yù)警、子系統(tǒng)和系統(tǒng)預(yù)警進(jìn)行了預(yù)警層次的劃分,并依據(jù)金礦實(shí)際設(shè)定了預(yù)警等級(jí)和預(yù)警規(guī)則,本研究在系統(tǒng)預(yù)警模型的構(gòu)建中提出了基于遺傳小波神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全預(yù)警模型,并分析了遺傳小波神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的總體結(jié)構(gòu),闡述了預(yù)警模型的輸入層、模糊化層、運(yùn)算層和反模糊化層及其運(yùn)作流程和訓(xùn)練步驟,為安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建提供了數(shù)學(xué)和技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。5.安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建。本文針對(duì)具體的井工金礦采選企業(yè)進(jìn)行了安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì),構(gòu)建了基于組織、監(jiān)控、存貯、計(jì)算、輸出等為一體的涵蓋人員、設(shè)備、硬件、軟件的井工金礦采選過(guò)程安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)集安全監(jiān)測(cè)、監(jiān)控和生產(chǎn)信息管理、安全監(jiān)督管理于一體,對(duì)井工金礦采選過(guò)程的采掘、提升、地壓、通風(fēng)、排水、采空區(qū)、選礦、提金、熔煉等重點(diǎn)區(qū)域及可能存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)的動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)控。從而形成了前饋控制、實(shí)時(shí)控制和反饋控制結(jié)合的安全預(yù)警管理模式；在安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建中,融合了安全仿真、三維建模、電子通訊、自動(dòng)化、計(jì)算機(jī)等技術(shù),通過(guò)工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)和自動(dòng)化平臺(tái)軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)了地理信息管理系統(tǒng)、各生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)子系統(tǒng)、井下環(huán)境監(jiān)控子系統(tǒng)及監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警與調(diào)度指揮系統(tǒng)等子系統(tǒng)的深度融合。本文依托具體的井工金礦進(jìn)行了井工金礦采選過(guò)程安全監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì),并基于GIS和Microsoft SQL Server 2005數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)平臺(tái),采用Java, ArcEngine等編程語(yǔ)言開(kāi)發(fā)了安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng)軟件,該系統(tǒng)可實(shí)現(xiàn)常態(tài)化安全監(jiān)控和事故災(zāi)害預(yù)警,還詳細(xì)介紹了系統(tǒng)的登陸與功能界面,并分析了地圖管理模塊、安全管理模塊、安全預(yù)警模塊、應(yīng)急救援模塊、系統(tǒng)的管理和維護(hù)支持方式的具體操作和人機(jī)交互視圖,介紹了和井工金礦采選過(guò)程安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的組織機(jī)構(gòu)及其層級(jí)和職責(zé),實(shí)證研究表明,該系統(tǒng)能較好完成井工金礦安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的監(jiān)控預(yù)警,從源頭遏制事故的發(fā)生,有利于礦山提高安全管理的效率和企業(yè)安全管理的信息化水平。本文研究的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)在如下幾點(diǎn)：1.本文在事故致因理論的基礎(chǔ)上,以井工金礦開(kāi)采和選礦兩個(gè)子系統(tǒng)為研究對(duì)象建立了井工金礦采選過(guò)程事故致因機(jī)理模型并探討了各因子問(wèn)相互作用路徑及事故發(fā)生演化的規(guī)律,構(gòu)建了井工金礦采選過(guò)程安全影響因素的ISM模型。2.構(gòu)建了包括了外部監(jiān)管安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)、環(huán)境安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)、設(shè)備安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)、管理安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)、人員安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)等五個(gè)一級(jí)安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)及其所屬的73個(gè)二級(jí)安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)的實(shí)用化、具有行業(yè)普適性的井工金礦安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)體系,特別是在設(shè)備安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)構(gòu)建中,做了共性設(shè)備安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)和分區(qū)安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)的區(qū)分,在人員安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)的構(gòu)建中做了全員安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)、安全技術(shù)人員預(yù)警指標(biāo)和管理人員安全預(yù)警指標(biāo)的精細(xì)劃分,提高了指標(biāo)的針對(duì)性,避免了指標(biāo)構(gòu)建過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)的情況出現(xiàn)。3.建立了基于模糊數(shù)學(xué)和遺傳算法、小波變換、BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的井工金礦采選過(guò)程安全預(yù)警模型,并建立了包括：?jiǎn)沃笜?biāo)預(yù)警、子系統(tǒng)安全預(yù)警和系統(tǒng)安全預(yù)警的三級(jí)井工金礦采選過(guò)程安全預(yù)警模型。4.基于GIS和Microsoft SQLServer2005數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)平臺(tái),采用Java、ArcEngine等編程語(yǔ)言和平臺(tái)開(kāi)發(fā)出了井工金礦安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng)軟件,實(shí)現(xiàn)人機(jī)交互的可視化,構(gòu)建了一種綜合前饋控制、實(shí)時(shí)控制、反饋控制和預(yù)警為一體的安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng)解決方案。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's gold production has greatly increased, gold production ranks first in the world for six consecutive years, but gold mine safety accidents also show an upward trend, heavy casualties of gold production enterprises occur frequently, huge social and economic pressure, requires gold production enterprises must increase safety investment, and vigorously reverse the current very serious safety. In the whole situation, the research object of this paper is the most dangerous gold mine in the gold mining industry. The purpose is to provide reference for the gold production enterprises to improve the safety management and technical level by constructing the safety early warning system in the mining and dressing process of gold mine. In general, these safety monitoring systems can only monitor single safety index. The research on early warning of gold mine safety in domestic scientific research institutions is still in the initial and exploratory stage. No research papers and achievements have been found in this field at home and abroad through literature retrieval. On the basis of safety technical standards and specifications, combined with the statistical data of accidents in three gold mines in Yunnan and Guizhou for many years, guided by the theory of system science, and taking advantage of scientific theories and methods such as safety monitoring technology, safety evaluation technology, and computer network and other advanced technical means, this paper aims at the characteristics of gold mining and dressing enterprises in coal mines. Through the risk analysis of mining and dressing process of gold mine, the establishment of safety early warning index, the construction of safety early warning model and the establishment of digital safety early warning system, the dynamic safety monitoring and early warning are carried out to realize the real-time monitoring, diagnosis, control and correction of safety production activities, providing theoretical basis for preventing and reducing the occurrence of accidents. And technical support to realize the feed-forward control, process control, feedback control of the mining and dressing process of gold mine, and ultimately realize the goal of intrinsic safety management of gold mine mining and dressing enterprise. Establishment of early-warning index system for process safety, (4) Construction of early-warning system model for mining and dressing process of gold mine, (5) Establishment and Realization of early-warning system for mining and dressing process of gold mine are the key points of this research. The main conclusions and achievements are as follows. 1. Theoretical research. This paper studies the theory, technology and realization path of security early warning from the perspective of security philosophy. This paper holds that the ideological root of security early warning research is the modern security philosophy with the core of intrinsic security thought, and security early warning research. Modern system theory: system theory, cybernetics, information theory, catastrophe theory, synergy theory, dissipative structure theory are the methodological basis for the study of safety early warning. Accident cause theory provides the research object for the study of safety early warning. Secondly, this paper holds that the technical basis of safety early warning is mainly safety monitoring technology, safety evaluation technology and safety early warning technology. Their logical sequence is: first, through safety monitoring technology to obtain the monitoring of risk factors in the mining and dressing process of gold mine. Measured values, safety assessment technology based on safety monitoring data into risk assessment, safety early warning technology based on the results of the assessment of the early warning of the state of security, these three technologies in the construction of the early warning system of security interlinked, constitute the technical basis of security early warning. Finally, this study theoretically expounded the function of security early warning and the realization of the road. In the aspect of hazard analysis, hazard analysis is the basis of safety early warning research. Through hazard analysis, we can grasp the types of accidents and hazard characteristics of the system and thus form a clear understanding of the early warning objects. On this basis, based on the theory of accident cause, through the analysis of the dimension and mechanism of accident occurrence, a four-dimensional dimension model of mining and dressing process, a mechanism model of accident occurrence and a safety influencing factor system of mining and dressing process are designed, in order to make the mining and dressing process of gold mine constructed in this study. The system of safety influencing factors is more systematic. By means of the method of interpretive structural model, this paper establishes the explanatory structural model of safety influencing factors in mining and dressing process of gold mine by calculating adjacency matrix and reachability matrix. The extraction and sublimation of safety factors in the mining and dressing process of gold mine can reflect the safety status of the whole safety production system systematically. This paper analyzes the equipment, materials, energy, technology, personnel, external supervision and management in the mining and dressing process of gold mine systematically, from the external safety supervision, environment, equipment, management, personnel and so on. A safety early warning index system including 5 first-class safety early warning indexes and 73 second-class safety early warning indexes is established. 4. The level and model of safety early warning are constructed. Early warning is lack of single index early warning and subsystem early warning. The hierarchy of security early warning is established. According to single index early warning, subsystem and system early warning, the early warning level is divided, and the early warning level and rules are set according to the actual situation of gold mine. In this study, the genetic wavelet God is proposed to construct the early warning model of the system. Through the network security early warning model, and analyzes the genetic wavelet neural network overall structure, elaborated the early warning model input layer, fuzzification layer, operation layer and anti-fuzzification layer and its operation process and training steps, provides the mathematical and technical basis for the construction of the security early warning system. 5. The construction of the security early warning system. A safety early warning system for miner gold mining and dressing enterprises has been designed. A safety early warning system for miner gold mining and dressing process covering personnel, equipment, hardware and software has been constructed based on organization, monitoring, storage, calculation and output. Real-time dynamic monitoring of mining, lifting, ground pressure, ventilation, drainage, goaf, beneficiation, gold extraction, smelting and other key areas and possible risks in the process of mining and dressing of industrial gold deposits has been carried out. True, three-dimensional modeling, electronic communication, automation, computer technology, through industrial Ethernet and automation platform software to achieve the geographic information management system, each production link subsystem, the underground environment monitoring subsystem and monitoring early warning and dispatching command subsystem of the depth of integration. Based on GIS and Microsoft SQL Server 2005 database platform, the safety early warning system software is developed by using Java, ArcEngine and other programming languages. The system can realize normal safety monitoring and accident disaster early warning. The landing and function interface of the system are introduced in detail, and the software is analyzed. Map management module, safety management module, safety early warning module, emergency rescue module, specific operation and man-machine interactive view of system management and maintenance support mode are introduced. The organization structure, hierarchy and responsibility of safety early warning system in mining and dressing process of Hegong Gold Mine are introduced. Empirical study shows that the system can better complete the safety of gold mine. The main innovations of this paper are as follows: 1. Based on the theory of accident cause, this paper takes the mining and mineral processing subsystems of gold mine as the research object. The paper establishes the mechanism model of accidents in the mining and dressing process of gold mine and discusses the interaction paths among various factors and the rules of accident occurrence and evolution, and constructs the ISM model of safety influencing factors in the mining and dressing process of gold mine. 2. It constructs the early warning index including external supervision, environmental safety, equipment safety and management. The practicality of five first-class safety early warning indicators such as safety early warning indicators, personnel safety early warning indicators and 73 second-class safety early warning indicators belonging to them, and the universal safety early warning indicators system for miners and gold mines, especially in the construction of equipment safety early warning indicators, have made common equipment safety early warning indicators and regional safety early warning indicators. In the construction of personnel safety early warning indicators, all personnel safety early warning indicators, safety technicians early warning indicators and management personnel safety early warning indicators are carefully divided, which improves the pertinence of the indicators and avoids the situation that the indicators are too general. 3. Based on fuzzy mathematics and genetic algorithm, wavelet transform is established. BP neural network model of safety early warning for mining and dressing process of gold mine, and establish three-level model of safety early warning for mining and dressing process of gold mine, including single index early warning, subsystem early warning and system early warning. 4. Based on GIS and Microsoft SQL Server 2005 database platform, using Java, ArcEngine and other programming languages and platforms. The software of mine safety early warning system is developed to realize the visualization of man-machine interaction. A solution of safety early warning system which integrates feedforward control, real-time control, feedback control and early warning is constructed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TD76

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