【摘要】：我國作為能源消耗大國,對于煤炭等礦產(chǎn)資源的需求巨大。煤礦安全是煤炭生產(chǎn)中的一項重要工作,而煤礦瓦斯事故則是煤礦安全事故中的重中之重,煤礦瓦斯事故給人民的生命安全以及財產(chǎn)安全帶來了巨大的威脅。隨著煤礦井下安全監(jiān)測技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展,以及智慧化礦山建設(shè)的迫切要求,研究新型可靠的煤礦瓦斯監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)對于提高煤礦瓦斯安全監(jiān)測技術(shù)具有重要意義。聲表面波瓦斯傳感器具有體積小,靈敏度高,成本低,抗干擾能力強(qiáng)等眾多的優(yōu)勢,適應(yīng)未來煤礦安全監(jiān)測技術(shù)發(fā)展要求,有望在煤礦瓦斯檢測中發(fā)揮巨大作用。本論文針對中心頻率為300M的延遲線型聲表面波瓦斯傳感器監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究,主要內(nèi)容由兩大部分構(gòu)成,分別是硬件部分與軟件部分。硬件部分研究方面,通過對聲表面波氣體傳感器檢測原理和檢測方法的分析,選擇了雙通道延遲線型結(jié)構(gòu)的混頻檢測法設(shè)計整個瓦斯?jié)舛缺O(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。硬件電路的前端部分包括高頻振蕩電路和混頻及其差頻信號處理電路。其中,高頻振蕩電路用于產(chǎn)生和聲表面波傳感器中心頻率相關(guān)的300M高頻振蕩信號。高頻振蕩電路采用正反饋式振蕩電路結(jié)構(gòu),放大器選用INA-02186集成射頻放大器提供振蕩電路的增益、損耗。LC移相器調(diào)節(jié)振蕩信號相位差使電路處于穩(wěn)定振蕩狀態(tài)�；祛l及其差頻信號處理電路,對通過敏感薄膜材料的本振信號和未通過敏感薄膜材料的參考信號進(jìn)行下混頻、低通、放大、整形處理為易于檢測的方波信號。混頻電路采用集成式設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu),選用AD831集成芯片為混頻器,對外圍引腳電路設(shè)置使AD831工作于低功耗下混頻狀態(tài)。巴特沃斯5階低通濾波器用于去除信號振蕩無用信號成分。采用2SC3355大功率三極管的放大電路對經(jīng)過濾波處理的信號進(jìn)行電壓放大。最后,以74HC14為核心元件的整形電路將放大后的振蕩信號整形為易于頻率信息檢測的方波信號。硬件電路的后端部分包括MCU最小系統(tǒng)和聲光預(yù)警、LCD顯示、SD卡存儲、USB下載、通信電路等外圍電路。MCU對經(jīng)過前端電路處理的方波信號進(jìn)行頻率信息的提取并轉(zhuǎn)化為濃度信息。聲光報警電路、LCD顯示電路、SD卡存儲電路、USB下載電路等外圍電路負(fù)責(zé)對濃度信息進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的聲光報警、顯示、存儲等操作。軟件部分研究方面,利用VB軟件作為上位機(jī)的設(shè)計環(huán)境,整個上位機(jī)分為:賬戶管理、用戶操作、數(shù)據(jù)操作三部分。上位機(jī)與下位機(jī)的通信通過調(diào)用VB中的Mscomm通信控件完成。利用ADO控件與ACESS數(shù)據(jù)庫建立的聯(lián)系,使上位機(jī)具有存儲下位機(jī)的傳輸濃度信息的功能,并在部件中調(diào)用DataGrid控件,在上位機(jī)中建立了濃度信息查詢表。此外,針對實際運(yùn)用情況,利用RS-485通信以及RS-485主從多機(jī)通信方式以實現(xiàn)傳感器濃度信息遠(yuǎn)距離傳輸,以及多個節(jié)點傳感器與主機(jī)通信的目標(biāo)。最終,既實現(xiàn)具有聲光報警系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測功能的瓦斯?jié)舛缺O(jiān)測系統(tǒng)終端,又對該傳感系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行簡化,實現(xiàn)了作為簡單瓦斯?jié)舛缺O(jiān)測傳感節(jié)點的設(shè)計。本項研究對于聲表面波煤礦瓦斯?jié)舛缺O(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的實際制備,以及其在煤礦井下的實際應(yīng)用具有一定的意義。
[Abstract]:Coal mine safety is an important work in coal production, and coal mine gas accident is the most important one in coal mine safety accidents. Coal mine gas accident has brought great threat to people's life and property safety. With the continuous development of monitoring technology and the urgent requirement of intelligent mine construction, it is of great significance to study a new and reliable coal mine gas monitoring system for improving coal mine gas safety monitoring technology. Full monitoring technology development requirements, is expected to play a huge role in coal mine gas detection. This paper focuses on the center frequency of 300 M delay line SAW gas sensor monitoring system, the main content is composed of two parts, hardware and software. Hardware part of the research, through the SAW gas Based on the analysis of the detection principle and method of the volume sensor, the gas concentration monitoring system is designed by the mixing detection method with double-channel delay line structure. The front-end part of the hardware circuit includes the high-frequency oscillation circuit, the mixing and its differential signal processing circuit. The high-frequency oscillation circuit is used to generate the center of the SAW sensor. Frequency-dependent 300M high-frequency oscillation signal. The high-frequency oscillation circuit uses a positive feedback oscillation circuit structure. The amplifier uses an INA-02186 integrated RF amplifier to provide the gain and loss of the oscillation circuit. The LC phase shifter adjusts the phase difference of the oscillation signal to keep the circuit in a stable state of oscillation. The mixing and its differential signal processing circuit are sensitive to passing. The local oscillator signal of the thin film material and the reference signal of the non-sensitive thin film material are mixed down, low-pass, amplified, and shaping into square wave signal which is easy to detect. The mixing circuit adopts integrated design structure, selects AD831 integrated chip as mixer, and sets the peripheral pin circuit to make the AD831 work in low-power mixing state. The 5th-order low-pass filter is used to remove the useless signal components of signal oscillation. The 2SC3355 high-power transistor amplifier is used to amplify the filtered signal. Finally, the 74HC14-based shaping circuit shapes the amplified oscillation signal into a square-wave signal which is easy to detect the frequency information. The back-end part includes MCU minimal system and acoustooptic warning, LCD display, SD card storage, USB download, communication circuit and other peripheral circuits. MCU extracts the frequency information of square wave signal processed by front-end circuit and converts it into concentration information. In the aspect of software research, using VB software as the design environment of the upper computer, the whole upper computer is divided into three parts: account management, user operation and data operation. The connection established by SS database makes the upper computer have the function of storing the concentration information transmitted by the lower computer, and calls the DataGrid control in the component, establishes the concentration information inquiry table in the upper computer. In addition, in view of the actual application situation, RS-485 communication and RS-485 master-slave communication are used to realize the remote sensing concentration information. Finally, the gas concentration monitoring system terminal with the function of acoustooptic alarm system monitoring is realized, and the sensor system is simplified to realize the design of a simple gas concentration monitoring sensor node. The actual preparation of the system and its practical application in underground coal mines have certain significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD712.5

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