【摘要】：伴隨著化學(xué)工業(yè)行業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，有許多化學(xué)工業(yè)園區(qū)建成了大規(guī)模的倉庫和貯罐區(qū)，這些倉庫和貯罐區(qū)存放著大量有害、有毒、易燃、易爆的危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品，而且其中大多都屬于重大危險(xiǎn)源。就目前來看，我國對(duì)于重大危險(xiǎn)源的安全管理還有著很多的缺陷，其中液氨儲(chǔ)罐的泄漏擴(kuò)散事故屬于經(jīng)常發(fā)生且危險(xiǎn)性較大的一類事故，液氨泄漏擴(kuò)散的過程比較復(fù)雜，如果泄放物質(zhì)被點(diǎn)燃或引爆將會(huì)引起大規(guī)模燃燒爆炸事故。 在液氨站房內(nèi)極易發(fā)生液氨泄漏爆炸事故，一旦液氨泄漏，短時(shí)間內(nèi)極可能造成嚴(yán)重后果。因此模擬液氨泄漏事故發(fā)生后毒氣泄漏擴(kuò)散的規(guī)律，保證人員的安全，意義非常重要。同時(shí)因氨氣比空氣輕，大量逸出后易積聚在房間頂部，因此從確保人身安全和生產(chǎn)的角度出發(fā)，選擇一種合理的通風(fēng)方式顯得尤為重要。 液氨站房的通風(fēng)情況直接影響氣體泄漏擴(kuò)散的實(shí)際情況，為了研究液氨站房的通風(fēng)安全問題，本文首先通過fluent軟件建立了站房通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)物理模型，，分析了采用三種不同通風(fēng)方式下，站房內(nèi)泄漏氨氣的濃度場(chǎng)及速度場(chǎng)的分布特點(diǎn)，得出濃度隨時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系，通過結(jié)果分析可以為選擇合適的排風(fēng)系統(tǒng)及送排風(fēng)口的設(shè)置提供依據(jù)；然后通過模擬分析對(duì)液氨站房內(nèi)障礙物影響、通風(fēng)口數(shù)量的設(shè)定及設(shè)備布置提出相關(guān)對(duì)策措施建議，研究得出的結(jié)果可為具體設(shè)計(jì)人員提供相應(yīng)的理論依據(jù)；最后對(duì)比分析液氨在站房內(nèi)及站房外兩種不同方式泄漏條件下所產(chǎn)生的不同情況，得到兩者之間的偏差量，其結(jié)果也可為相應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提供理論依據(jù)。 經(jīng)過這些方面的模擬分析研究我們能夠知道，液氨站房通風(fēng)情況對(duì)氨氣泄漏擴(kuò)散有較大影響，且火災(zāi)爆炸事故一旦發(fā)生，其后果則會(huì)非常嚴(yán)重。因此，對(duì)液氨儲(chǔ)罐采取事故影響分析研究對(duì)企業(yè)日常的安全生產(chǎn)以及在事故發(fā)生后的應(yīng)急救援都具有指導(dǎo)意義。同時(shí)論文的研究結(jié)論也可以為解決事故處理提供重要依據(jù)，從工業(yè)安全的角度來說也具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the chemical industry, many chemical industrial parks have built large-scale warehouses and storage areas containing a large number of hazardous, toxic, flammable and explosive dangerous chemicals. And most of them are major hazards. At present, there are still many defects in the safety management of major hazardous sources in our country. The leakage and diffusion accidents of liquid ammonia storage tanks belong to a class of accidents that occur frequently and are more dangerous. The process of leakage and diffusion of liquid ammonia is quite complex. If the released material is ignited or detonated, it will cause a large-scale combustion explosion. Liquid ammonia leakage and explosion are easy to occur in the liquid ammonia station. Once the liquid ammonia leaks, it may cause serious consequences in a short period of time. Therefore, it is very important to simulate the law of gas leakage and diffusion after the liquid ammonia leakage accident and to ensure the safety of personnel. At the same time, ammonia gas is lighter than air, and it is easy to accumulate on the top of the room after a large amount of escape, so it is particularly important to choose a reasonable ventilation mode from the point of view of ensuring personal safety and production. The ventilation situation of the liquid ammonia station directly affects the actual situation of gas leakage and diffusion. In order to study the ventilation safety of the liquid ammonia station, the physical model of the ventilation system of the station is established by fluent software. In this paper, the distribution characteristics of concentration field and velocity field of ammonia leakage in station room under three different ventilation modes are analyzed, and the relationship between concentration and time is obtained. The result analysis can provide the basis for selecting suitable exhaust system and outlet setting, and then, through simulation analysis, the influence of obstacles in the liquid ammonia station, the setting of the number of vents and the arrangement of equipment are put forward, and the relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. The results of the study can provide the corresponding theoretical basis for the specific designers. Finally, by comparing and analyzing the different conditions of liquid ammonia leakage in the station room and outside the station room, the deviation between them can be obtained. The results can also provide theoretical basis for the corresponding standards. Through the simulation and analysis of these aspects, we can know that the ventilation situation of liquid ammonia station has great influence on ammonia leakage and diffusion, and once the fire and explosion accident occurs, the consequences will be very serious. Therefore, the research on the accident impact analysis of liquid ammonia storage tank is of guiding significance to the daily safety production of enterprises and the emergency rescue after the accident. At the same time, the conclusion of the paper can also provide an important basis for the solution of accidents, from the point of view of industrial safety, it also has practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TQ086.1

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