基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡的煤礦監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)研發(fā)
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-17 03:52
【摘要】：煤礦監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)是煤礦安全生產(chǎn)中的重要環(huán)節(jié)�？茖W技術(shù)的進步和煤礦安全生產(chǎn)的需要，推動著煤礦監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)向智能化和網(wǎng)絡化發(fā)展。但傳統(tǒng)的煤礦監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)存在許多弊端，已不能滿足新時代煤礦開采的需求。 本文在校企合作項目“煤礦監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)”研究基礎上，，以無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡技術(shù)應用為背景，并針對當前煤礦監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)存在的監(jiān)測節(jié)點少、網(wǎng)絡擴展難、實時穩(wěn)定性差、通信技術(shù)落后等問題，設計了一套基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡的煤礦監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)通過設計傳感器節(jié)點和基站兩個主要部分來完成監(jiān)測功能，其中傳感器節(jié)點負責環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)采集，基站負責數(shù)據(jù)傳輸與處理。傳感器節(jié)點與基站的數(shù)據(jù)通信，通過一種靜態(tài)無線路由通信方式實現(xiàn)。整個系統(tǒng)設計采用無線與CAN總線雙重覆蓋的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸體系，并將無線技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)、嵌入式技術(shù)及網(wǎng)絡技術(shù)融合在一起。這種設計方式打破傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)布線限制，增強了系統(tǒng)布網(wǎng)靈活性及網(wǎng)絡實時性，提高了數(shù)據(jù)傳輸穩(wěn)定性，為煤礦安全生產(chǎn)提供了保障。本文創(chuàng)新點有： (1)通過硬件開關(guān)電路設計及軟件能量動態(tài)管理方式，使得傳感器節(jié)點在一次采集工作完成后，MCU及無線芯片即時進入低功耗睡眠狀態(tài)，各傳感器供電電路與A/D參考電源電路即時斷開，實現(xiàn)傳感器節(jié)點的極低功率消耗。 (2)考慮實際應用的經(jīng)濟效益，對整個系統(tǒng)的芯片選型、電路設計及尺寸大小進行成本規(guī)劃控制，保障基站和傳感器節(jié)點的低成本設計。在對高頻PCB電磁兼容性進行深入研究的基礎上，將相關(guān)高頻電路設計經(jīng)驗運用到煤礦監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)設計中，保障基站和傳感器節(jié)點在礦井復雜工作環(huán)境下的穩(wěn)定性； (3)為實現(xiàn)基站的多任務調(diào)度管理，向基站MCU中移植一個μC/OS-II系統(tǒng)，保障了基站運行的高實時性與高穩(wěn)定性。針對傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸單一通信方式存在的網(wǎng)絡擁堵、線路依賴等問題，采用CAN總線與無線雙重覆蓋的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸體系，提高了系統(tǒng)的實時性、穩(wěn)定性及布網(wǎng)靈活性； (4)針對傳感器節(jié)點及基站安裝位置固定的特性，提出一種靜態(tài)無線路由通信方式，傳感器節(jié)點可自由加入或退出網(wǎng)絡，增強了系統(tǒng)的擴展性與可維護性。在結(jié)合煤礦巷道實際應用背景下，提出改進型的LEACH算法。仿真實驗結(jié)果表明該算法具有更低網(wǎng)絡時延及更長網(wǎng)絡存活時間。 本文設計的“基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡的煤礦監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)”已在山西省的一個小型煤礦中初步測試驗收。測試結(jié)果證實了方案的可行性與系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性，為下一步在煤礦中推廣應用奠定了基礎。
[Abstract]:Coal mine monitoring system is an important link in coal mine safety production. The progress of science and technology and the need of coal mine safety production promote the development of coal mine monitoring system to intelligence and network. However, the traditional coal mine monitoring system has many drawbacks, which can not meet the needs of coal mining in the new era. Based on the research of "Coal Mine Monitoring system", a cooperative project between school and enterprise, this paper takes the application of wireless sensor network as the background, and aims at the fact that the current coal mine monitoring system has few monitoring nodes, difficult network expansion and poor real-time stability. A coal mine monitoring system based on wireless sensor network is designed. The monitoring function is accomplished by designing the sensor node and the base station. The sensor node is responsible for environmental data collection and the base station is responsible for data transmission and processing. The data communication between sensor node and base station is realized by a static wireless routing communication. The design of the whole system adopts wireless and can bus dual coverage data transmission system, and combines wireless technology, sensor technology, embedded technology and network technology together. This design method breaks the limitation of the traditional monitoring system, enhances the flexibility and real-time of the system, improves the stability of data transmission, and provides a guarantee for the safety of coal mine production. The innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) through the design of hardware switch circuit and the dynamic management of software energy, the sensor node can enter the low power sleep state immediately after a collection work is completed. The sensor power supply circuit and the A / D reference power supply circuit are disconnected immediately to realize the extremely low power consumption of the sensor node. (2) considering the economic benefit of the practical application, the chip selection of the whole system is made. The circuit design and size are controlled by cost planning to ensure the low cost design of base station and sensor node. Based on the deep research on electromagnetic compatibility of high frequency PCB, the design experience of high frequency circuit is applied to the design of coal mine monitoring system to ensure the stability of base station and sensor node in complex working environment of mine. (3) in order to realize the multitask management of the base station, a 渭 C / OS-II system is transplanted to the MCU of the base station, which ensures the high real-time and high stability of the base station. Aiming at the problems of network congestion and line dependence existing in the single communication mode of data transmission in traditional monitoring system, can bus and wireless dual coverage data transmission system are adopted to improve the real-time, stability and network layout flexibility of the system. (4) aiming at the fixed installation position of sensor nodes and base stations, a static wireless routing communication mode is proposed. Sensor nodes can join or exit the network freely, which enhances the expansibility and maintainability of the system. Based on the practical application of coal mine roadway, an improved Leach algorithm is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has lower network delay and longer network survival time. The "Coal Mine Monitoring system based on Wireless Sensor Network" has been tested and accepted in a small coal mine in Shanxi Province. The test results confirm the feasibility of the scheme and the stability of the system, and lay a foundation for further application in coal mines.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD76
本文編號：2128886
[Abstract]:Coal mine monitoring system is an important link in coal mine safety production. The progress of science and technology and the need of coal mine safety production promote the development of coal mine monitoring system to intelligence and network. However, the traditional coal mine monitoring system has many drawbacks, which can not meet the needs of coal mining in the new era. Based on the research of "Coal Mine Monitoring system", a cooperative project between school and enterprise, this paper takes the application of wireless sensor network as the background, and aims at the fact that the current coal mine monitoring system has few monitoring nodes, difficult network expansion and poor real-time stability. A coal mine monitoring system based on wireless sensor network is designed. The monitoring function is accomplished by designing the sensor node and the base station. The sensor node is responsible for environmental data collection and the base station is responsible for data transmission and processing. The data communication between sensor node and base station is realized by a static wireless routing communication. The design of the whole system adopts wireless and can bus dual coverage data transmission system, and combines wireless technology, sensor technology, embedded technology and network technology together. This design method breaks the limitation of the traditional monitoring system, enhances the flexibility and real-time of the system, improves the stability of data transmission, and provides a guarantee for the safety of coal mine production. The innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) through the design of hardware switch circuit and the dynamic management of software energy, the sensor node can enter the low power sleep state immediately after a collection work is completed. The sensor power supply circuit and the A / D reference power supply circuit are disconnected immediately to realize the extremely low power consumption of the sensor node. (2) considering the economic benefit of the practical application, the chip selection of the whole system is made. The circuit design and size are controlled by cost planning to ensure the low cost design of base station and sensor node. Based on the deep research on electromagnetic compatibility of high frequency PCB, the design experience of high frequency circuit is applied to the design of coal mine monitoring system to ensure the stability of base station and sensor node in complex working environment of mine. (3) in order to realize the multitask management of the base station, a 渭 C / OS-II system is transplanted to the MCU of the base station, which ensures the high real-time and high stability of the base station. Aiming at the problems of network congestion and line dependence existing in the single communication mode of data transmission in traditional monitoring system, can bus and wireless dual coverage data transmission system are adopted to improve the real-time, stability and network layout flexibility of the system. (4) aiming at the fixed installation position of sensor nodes and base stations, a static wireless routing communication mode is proposed. Sensor nodes can join or exit the network freely, which enhances the expansibility and maintainability of the system. Based on the practical application of coal mine roadway, an improved Leach algorithm is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has lower network delay and longer network survival time. The "Coal Mine Monitoring system based on Wireless Sensor Network" has been tested and accepted in a small coal mine in Shanxi Province. The test results confirm the feasibility of the scheme and the stability of the system, and lay a foundation for further application in coal mines.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD76
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