本文選題：綜合防災體系 + 嚴寒地區(qū)　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國災害種類多、分布地域廣、發(fā)生頻率高、造成損失重,而災害的發(fā)生及其所造成的危害主要集中在廣大村鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)。嚴寒地區(qū)災害的類別、分布、程度、危害都具有明顯的地方特征,總體表現(xiàn)為氣象災害較多,地質(zhì)災害較少,由于冬季時間長,因寒冷氣候而產(chǎn)生的各種災害較多,也易出現(xiàn)如雪崩、滑坡等誘發(fā)災害;我國嚴寒地區(qū)森林、草原、農(nóng)田分布廣闊,成為受影響最廣泛的承災體,各種原因?qū)е碌幕馂摹⑸餅暮κ俏：λ鼈兊闹饕獮姆N;各類災害過去時,易引發(fā)凍害等次生災害。本文從嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)受災情況和規(guī)劃建設中的災害防范情況出發(fā),在深入調(diào)研不同鎮(zhèn)域、鎮(zhèn)區(qū)和村莊的基礎上,研究嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)災害種類的分布與特征,分析嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)受災害影響的特殊性;了解嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)現(xiàn)行災害防災體系的組織結(jié)構(gòu)和行動機制,各類承災體的防范措施,以及安全制度的現(xiàn)行情況。通過實例分析與先進經(jīng)驗的對比,解析現(xiàn)有體系的不適宜性和不完整性;構(gòu)建完整的嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)綜合防災體系:根據(jù)嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)災害的特殊性,以及嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)防災措施的特殊性,參照現(xiàn)有防災體系,構(gòu)建嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)綜合防災體系規(guī)劃的框架,并完善各項防災策略,為防災減災提供合理化建議。對嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)災害的研究,可以總結(jié)出現(xiàn)有嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)的災害種類和特點,區(qū)別于我國其他地區(qū)災害,為我國災害研究中的區(qū)域災害綜合研究補充內(nèi)容,也為嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)防災工作提供可靠依據(jù),為嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展建設貢獻力量;為嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)防災拓寬思路,完善規(guī)劃內(nèi)容。本文通過嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)災害綜合防災體系的構(gòu)建,更為科學地為其村鎮(zhèn)防災規(guī)劃提供優(yōu)化方向,滿足嚴寒地區(qū)救災特殊性,滿足村鎮(zhèn)防災本土適宜性的要求;此外,從村鎮(zhèn)的方向拓寬綜合防災的理論研究。本文以嚴寒地區(qū)的村鎮(zhèn)防災體系規(guī)劃為研究對象,對綜合防災理論起到豐富完善的作用,并為村鎮(zhèn)防災減災的研究提供理論參考。
[Abstract]:There are many kinds of disasters in China with wide distribution, high frequency of occurrence and heavy losses. However, the occurrence of disasters and the harm caused by them are mainly concentrated in the vast areas of villages and towns. The types, distribution, degree and harm of disasters in severe cold areas all have obvious local characteristics. In general, there are more meteorological disasters, fewer geological disasters, and more disasters caused by cold weather because of the long winter time. The forest, grassland and farmland are widely distributed in severe cold areas of our country, and become the most widely affected disaster bearing body. The fire caused by various reasons, biological disaster is the main disaster that endangers them. All kinds of disasters in the past, easy to cause secondary disasters such as freezing damage. Starting from the disaster situation of villages and towns in severe cold areas and disaster prevention in planning and construction, this paper studies the distribution and characteristics of disaster types in villages and towns in severe cold areas on the basis of in-depth investigation of different town areas, towns and villages. This paper analyzes the particularity of villages and towns affected by disasters in severe cold areas, and understands the organizational structure and action mechanism of current disaster prevention systems in cold areas, the preventive measures of various disaster bearing bodies, and the current situation of safety systems. Through the comparison between the case analysis and the advanced experience, the author analyzes the inappropriateness and incompleteness of the existing system, constructs the integrated disaster prevention system of the villages and towns in the severe cold area: according to the particularity of the village and town disaster in the severe cold area, And the particularity of disaster prevention measures of villages and towns in severe cold areas, referring to the existing disaster prevention system, the framework of comprehensive disaster prevention system planning for villages and towns in severe cold areas is constructed, and various disaster prevention strategies are perfected to provide reasonable suggestions for disaster prevention and mitigation. The research on village and town disaster in severe cold area can summarize the disaster types and characteristics of villages and towns in severe cold area, which is different from other disasters in our country, and it is a supplement to the comprehensive study of regional disaster in our country disaster research. It also provides a reliable basis for the disaster prevention work of villages and towns in severe cold areas, contributes to the development and construction of villages and towns in cold areas, broadens the ideas for disaster prevention in cold areas, and perfects the planning contents. Through the construction of comprehensive disaster prevention system of villages and towns in severe cold areas, this paper provides an optimized direction for disaster prevention planning of villages and towns more scientifically, satisfies the particularity of disaster relief in severe cold areas, and meets the requirements of local suitability for disaster prevention in villages and towns. Broaden the theoretical research of comprehensive disaster prevention from the direction of villages and towns. This paper takes the disaster prevention system planning of villages and towns in frigid areas as the research object, plays a rich and perfect role in comprehensive disaster prevention theory, and provides a theoretical reference for the study of disaster prevention and mitigation in villages and towns.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU982.29;X4

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