本文選題：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估 + 雷擊　； 參考：《電子科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)和人口密集的廣州，每年雷擊造成的人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失非常慘重。如今，雷擊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估方面的工作已經(jīng)全面開(kāi)展，也取得了非常好的效果。 兩百多年前，避雷針被本杰明·富蘭克林發(fā)明了，之后逐步改進(jìn)的避雷針已廣為應(yīng)用。近年來(lái)，國(guó)際電工委員會(huì)在雷擊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估方面進(jìn)行了很多的研究,先后發(fā)布了雷擊損害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的技術(shù)報(bào)告IEC61662及雷擊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IEC62305-2。 本文介紹了IEC62305-2中雷電流造成損害的成因、類型劃分，以及不同損害類型造成損失類型劃分。同時(shí)，還詳細(xì)闡述了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的組成及建筑物各個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分量的估算方法，也明確雷擊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估中的年平均危險(xiǎn)事件次數(shù)、損害概率及損失率三個(gè)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)。本文還對(duì)土壤電阻率、截收面積、地閃密度以及PB進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分析研究。這些參數(shù)應(yīng)該根據(jù)評(píng)估對(duì)象的具體情況進(jìn)行取值或計(jì)算，才能確保評(píng)估的結(jié)果具有準(zhǔn)確性及針對(duì)性。 雷擊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估工作是個(gè)極其復(fù)雜、綜合的工程，包含大量、繁雜的數(shù)據(jù)處理，利用計(jì)算機(jī)速度快、精確度高的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，采用C++語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)雷擊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估軟件，該軟件對(duì)里面大量的量化因子和復(fù)雜的計(jì)算公式用計(jì)算機(jī)程序進(jìn)行處理，使得對(duì)雷電風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的過(guò)程更加高效快捷，結(jié)論更加清晰準(zhǔn)確。用戶可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，從軟件界面中選擇適合的參數(shù)或輸入實(shí)際參數(shù)，軟件會(huì)自動(dòng)計(jì)算各個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值。每一項(xiàng)除了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)總值外，還會(huì)單獨(dú)列出各風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分量的具體值以及其在總值中所占的比例。將計(jì)算結(jié)果同風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的容許值RT進(jìn)行比較，，確定是否還需要另外增加防護(hù)措施。本文還詳細(xì)分析了廣州某油庫(kù)的相關(guān)特性，根據(jù)這些特性分析得出的結(jié)果，再利用雷擊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估軟件對(duì)油庫(kù)的辦公區(qū)和罐區(qū)進(jìn)行人身傷亡損失風(fēng)險(xiǎn)計(jì)算。 雷擊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估是目前防雷工作的重要一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，在防雷的設(shè)計(jì)及施工的過(guò)程中起了不可缺少的作用。通過(guò)評(píng)估能夠定量給出被保護(hù)對(duì)象的雷擊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，是識(shí)別風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及處理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的依據(jù)。根據(jù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估結(jié)果相應(yīng)采取經(jīng)濟(jì)、可行的措施，以避免或最大限度降低雷擊所導(dǎo)致的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。
[Abstract]:In developed and densely populated Guangzhou, lightning strikes cause heavy casualties and economic losses every year. Today, lightning risk assessment has been fully carried out, and achieved very good results. More than two hundred years ago, the lightning rod was invented by Benjamin Franklin, and gradually improved lightning rod has been widely used. In recent years, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has carried out a lot of research on the risk assessment of lightning stroke, and has issued the technical report of risk assessment of lightning damage IEC61662 and the technical standard of lightning risk management IEC62305-2. This paper introduces the cause of damage caused by lightning current in IEC62305-2, the classification of types of damage, and the classification of damage types caused by different types of damage. At the same time, the composition of the risk and the estimation method of each risk component of the building are expounded in detail, and the three key parameters of the annual average number of dangerous events, the damage probability and the loss rate in the risk assessment of lightning strike are defined. The soil resistivity, interception area, lightning density and PB were studied in detail. In order to ensure the accuracy and pertinence of the evaluation results, these parameters should be calculated or calculated according to the specific conditions of the evaluation objects. Lightning stroke risk assessment is an extremely complex and comprehensive project, including a large number of complex data processing, the use of the advantages of fast computer, high accuracy, the use of C language to design lightning risk assessment software, In this software, a large number of quantization factors and complex formulas are processed by computer program, which makes the process of lightning risk assessment more efficient and faster, and the conclusion is clearer and more accurate. According to the actual situation, the user can select the appropriate parameters or input the actual parameters from the software interface, and the software will automatically calculate each risk value. In addition to the total value of risk, each item also lists the specific value of each component of the risk and its proportion in the total value. Compare the calculated results with the allowable value RT of the risk to determine whether additional protective measures are needed. The related characteristics of a certain oil depot in Guangzhou are analyzed in detail. According to the results obtained from the analysis, the risk of personal casualty loss is calculated by using the lightning strike risk assessment software for the office area and tank area of the oil depot. Lightning risk assessment is an important part of lightning protection at present and plays an indispensable role in the design and construction of lightning protection. The lightning stroke risk of protected object can be quantitatively given by evaluation, which is the basis for identifying risk, controlling risk and dealing with risk. According to the results of risk assessment, economic and feasible measures should be taken to avoid or minimize the loss of life and property caused by lightning strike.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X937;P429

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