本文選題：微震 + 震源定位��； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：微震監(jiān)測技術(shù)作為一種實(shí)時、動態(tài)、連續(xù)的監(jiān)測手段，在礦山、石油和邊坡等巖土工程中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。震源定位是微震技術(shù)應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)，也是國內(nèi)外研究的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)。震源定位的影響因素及其作用機(jī)制、震源定位可靠性評價方法是當(dāng)前亟需解決的關(guān)鍵科學(xué)和技術(shù)問題。為此，本文圍繞微震震源定位及可靠性評價，采用理論分析、實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)、數(shù)值模擬、現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)等方法，研究并揭示了關(guān)鍵因素對震源定位的影響規(guī)律和作用機(jī)制；建立了微震到達(dá)波類型自動識別模型（APSIM）、基于APSIM的單純形震源定位方法（APSIM-Simplex）和震源定位可靠性綜合評價體系（SLRES）；開發(fā)了微震定位與可靠性評價系統(tǒng)，，并進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證和現(xiàn)場應(yīng)用。 實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了不同微震臺網(wǎng)布設(shè)、波速和到時誤差對震源定位可靠性的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明，微震臺網(wǎng)內(nèi)部的震源定位精度高，隨著震源遠(yuǎn)離臺網(wǎng)中心，定位精度和穩(wěn)定性都呈下降趨勢；臺網(wǎng)對震源定位的影響存在方向性，不同方向上的定位誤差和變化特征都不相同，且存在定位精度下降最快的方向。震源定位精度隨波速和到時輸入誤差的增加而降低，并且下降的速率越來越快；不同位置震源定位受輸入誤差影響不同，臺網(wǎng)內(nèi)部震源受輸入誤差影響較小，臺網(wǎng)邊緣和外部的震源受輸入誤差影響較大。 建立了微震震源定位雙曲線控制方程（MHGE），分析了震源定位雙曲線域的非均勻性幾何特性。研究并揭示了微震臺網(wǎng)對震源定位的幾何擴(kuò)散效應(yīng)和方向控制效應(yīng)，分別構(gòu)建了兩種效應(yīng)的三維空間量化模型，提出了配對傳感器的方向角，確定了空間微震臺網(wǎng)的優(yōu)化布置原則。對比分析了波速和到時誤差在震源求解中的傳播特性；根據(jù)關(guān)鍵雙曲線和微震臺網(wǎng)形態(tài)，監(jiān)測區(qū)域可劃分為到時誤差主導(dǎo)和波速誤差主導(dǎo)的兩個不同區(qū)域，通常在微震臺網(wǎng)內(nèi)部到時誤差是造成定位誤差的主導(dǎo)因素，隨著震源遠(yuǎn)離臺網(wǎng)中心，波速誤差逐漸成為造成定位誤差的主導(dǎo)因素。 傳感器到時之間存在觀測到時差值、P波到時差值理論極限和延遲波到時差值理論極限。根據(jù)微震臺網(wǎng)和監(jiān)測空間幾何特征、到時差值和臺站殘差，分別構(gòu)建了到時差值分析表和殘差分析表，進(jìn)而建立了微震到達(dá)波類型（P波、S波、延遲波和外部異常波）自動識別模型（APSIM）和基于APSIM的單純形微震震源定位方法（APSIM-Simplex）�，F(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，APSIM能夠?qū)波、S波、延遲波和外部異常波四種到達(dá)波類型進(jìn)行有效識別；APSIM-Simplex求解系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定，震源定位精度得到了很大的提高。 提出了評價震源定位可靠性的事件殘差指標(biāo)、敏感度指標(biāo)、觸發(fā)序列指標(biāo)，確定了各指標(biāo)的評價準(zhǔn)則，建立了震源定位可靠性綜合評價體系（SLRES），并進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果表明，SLRES能夠?qū)Χㄎ唤Y(jié)果進(jìn)行全面有效評價，評價結(jié)果符合實(shí)際情況。 綜合APSIM、APSIM-Simplex和SLRES，開發(fā)了微震定位與可靠性評價系統(tǒng)，并進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場應(yīng)用。結(jié)果表明，該系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了震源的高精度定位，而且能夠?qū)φ鹪炊ㄎ豢煽啃赃M(jìn)行綜合評價，滿足現(xiàn)場微震監(jiān)測需求。 本文研究成果對進(jìn)一步提高震源定位精度和微震監(jiān)測預(yù)警的準(zhǔn)確性、促進(jìn)微震監(jiān)測技術(shù)的應(yīng)用等具有重要理論意義和應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:As a real time, dynamic and continuous monitoring means, microseismic monitoring technology has been widely used in geotechnical engineering such as mine, oil and slope. The location of seismic source is the basis of the application of microseismic technology, and it is also the focus and hot spot of research at home and abroad. The influencing factors and its mechanism of focal location and its function mechanism are used to evaluate the location reliability of seismic source. The key scientific and technical problems need to be solved urgently. This paper, focusing on the location and reliability evaluation of microseismic source, uses theoretical analysis, laboratory experiment, numerical simulation and field test, and reveals the influence rules and mechanism of the key factors on the location of the source, and establishes an automatic identification model of the type of microseismic to the wave type. APSIM), the APSIM based simplex source location method (APSIM-Simplex) and the comprehensive evaluation system of source location reliability (SLRES); the microseismic positioning and reliability evaluation system is developed, and the test verification and field application are carried out.
The effects of the setting of different microseismic network, wave velocity and time error on the location reliability of the source are studied. The results show that the positioning accuracy of the focal source is high in the microseismic network. With the source far away from the network center, the positioning accuracy and stability are all decreasing, and the influence of the network on the location of the earthquake source exists in the direction and in different directions. The location accuracy decreases with the increase of the wave velocity and the arrival time input error, and the rate of the descent is getting faster and faster. The source location of the seismic source in different locations is affected by the input error, and the input error is less influenced by the input error in the inner part of the network, and the edge of the network and the network. The external seismic source is greatly influenced by the input error.
A microseismic source location hyperbolic control equation (MHGE) is established, and the non-uniform geometric characteristics of the focal location hyperbolic domain are analyzed. The geometric diffusion effect and direction control effect of the microseismic network on the source location are studied. The three-dimensional spatial quantization model of two effects is constructed, and the direction angle of the paired sensor is put forward. The optimal layout principle of the space microseismic network is determined. The propagation characteristics of the wave velocity and the arrival time error in the source solution are compared and analyzed. According to the key hyperbola and microseismic network form, the monitoring area can be divided into two different regions, which are the dominant of the arrival time error and the wave velocity error, and the time error in the microseismic network is caused by the time error. The dominant factor of position error is that the velocity error becomes the dominant factor leading to the location error as the focal point is far away from the center of the network.
The time difference value, the theoretical limit of the P wave to the time difference value and the theoretical limit of the delay wave to the time difference value exist between the sensors. According to the microseismic network and the geometric features of the monitoring space, the arrival time difference and the station residuals, the time difference analysis table and the residual analysis table are constructed respectively, and then the type of microseismic to the wave type (P wave, S wave, delay wave and the delay wave) is established. The external abnormal wave) automatic recognition model (APSIM) and the APSIM based simplex microseismic source location method (APSIM-Simplex). The field test results show that the APSIM can effectively identify four types of P wave, S wave, delay wave and external abnormal wave, and the APSIM-Simplex solution system is stable, and the location accuracy of the source is greatly improved.
The event residual index, the sensitivity index, the trigger sequence index, the evaluation criterion of each index, the comprehensive evaluation system of the source location reliability (SLRES) are established, and the experimental verification is carried out. The results show that the SLRES can make a comprehensive and effective evaluation of the location result, and the result accords with the actual situation. Condition.
Integrated APSIM, APSIM-Simplex and SLRES, the microseismic positioning and reliability evaluation system has been developed and applied in the field. The results show that the system realizes the high precision positioning of the source, and can comprehensively evaluate the location reliability of the seismic source, and meet the needs of the field microseismic monitoring.
The results of this paper have important theoretical significance and application value to further improve the accuracy of focal location and the accuracy of microseismic monitoring and early warning, and to promote the application of microseismic monitoring technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TD76

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

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本文編號：2093637