本文選題：致災(zāi)因子危險(xiǎn)性 + 承災(zāi)體脆弱性��； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著遼寧沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)帶開發(fā)活動(dòng)的急劇加強(qiáng),人類活動(dòng)與自然海岸生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的相互作用而引發(fā)的災(zāi)害越來越嚴(yán)重。數(shù)年來發(fā)生的海洋災(zāi)害類型復(fù)雜多樣,分布廣泛的海岸侵蝕、海水入侵、海面上升、濱海濕地退化和港灣淤積等對(duì)人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)已構(gòu)成全面持久威脅,開展防災(zāi)減災(zāi)戰(zhàn)略研究已成為海洋學(xué)術(shù)界的關(guān)注熱點(diǎn)。因此,提出災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)方法及對(duì)策,制定管理辦法,填充此研究領(lǐng)域空白,是我們亟須加以重視和解決的問題。 由于海洋資源與環(huán)境具有極大的依賴性,隨著遼寧沿海的高度深層快速開發(fā),其生態(tài)格局和要素發(fā)生改變,帶來明顯的負(fù)面效應(yīng)。除不可抗拒的自然變化外,人類不合理開發(fā)活動(dòng)的疊加,使得海洋災(zāi)害問題越來越突出。為此,開展海洋災(zāi)害的防治對(duì)策研究,保障海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境安全及經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重大意義。 目前海洋災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面的研究尚不充分,本文在現(xiàn)有自然災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估理論體系以及遼寧省海洋生態(tài)屬性基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)構(gòu)建新的海洋災(zāi)害評(píng)價(jià)模型、劃分風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí)及進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理,做了以下幾個(gè)方面初步研究： 1.系統(tǒng)研究了海洋災(zāi)害的特征,分析總結(jié)了歷史災(zāi)害規(guī)律,構(gòu)建了遼寧海洋災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)理論體系,確定遼寧海洋災(zāi)害主要有6種類型,分別為風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害、海冰災(zāi)害、海岸侵蝕災(zāi)害、海水入侵災(zāi)害、赤潮災(zāi)害和海洋溢油災(zāi)害。 2.基于海洋災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)度和承災(zāi)體脆弱度構(gòu)建了海洋災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,運(yùn)用層次分析法以及熵權(quán)法等計(jì)算指標(biāo)權(quán)重,研究建立了“單一海洋災(zāi)害”和“復(fù)合海洋災(zāi)害”風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)劃分及評(píng)價(jià)方法,為海洋行政主管部門提供了技術(shù)保障。 3.系統(tǒng)分析了遼寧主要海洋災(zāi)害成災(zāi)過程、孕災(zāi)環(huán)境資料及承災(zāi)體指標(biāo),綜合歷史災(zāi)害發(fā)生情況、孕災(zāi)環(huán)境及承災(zāi)體概況,對(duì)遼寧沿海六市進(jìn)行了海洋災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)及評(píng)價(jià),繪制了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果圖,并提出了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理建議。遼寧管理海區(qū)特色海洋災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度等級(jí)為：丹東市為低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí),大連市為極高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí),營(yíng)口市、盤錦市、錦州市和葫蘆島市均為中度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí),為各海區(qū)管理和制定法規(guī)提供了理論基礎(chǔ)和依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of Liaoning coastal economic belt, the disasters caused by the interaction between human activities and natural coastal ecosystem are becoming more and more serious. The various types of marine disasters that have occurred in the past few years, the widespread coastal erosion, the invasion of sea water, the rise of the sea surface, the degradation of coastal wetlands and the deposition of estuaries have posed an overall and lasting threat to the lives and property of people, The research of disaster prevention and mitigation strategy has become the focus of attention in marine academia. Therefore, it is urgent for us to put forward the methods and countermeasures of disaster risk assessment, formulate management methods and fill in the blank of this research field. Due to the great dependence of marine resources and environment, with the rapid and deep development of coastal areas in Liaoning Province, its ecological pattern and elements have changed, which has brought about obvious negative effects. In addition to irresistible natural changes, the superposition of human unreasonable development activities makes the problem of marine disasters more and more prominent. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the countermeasures of marine disaster prevention and control, to ensure the safety of marine ecological environment and the sustainable development of economy. At present, the research on marine disaster risk is not enough. Based on the existing natural disaster risk assessment theory system and the marine ecological attribute of Liaoning Province, this paper constructs a new marine disaster evaluation model. The classification of risk evaluation and risk management, do the following preliminary research: 1. This paper systematically studies the characteristics of marine disasters, analyzes and summarizes the laws of historical disasters, and constructs a theoretical system of marine disaster risk assessment in Liaoning Province. It is determined that there are six main types of marine disasters in Liaoning Province, namely storm surge disaster and sea ice disaster. Coastal erosion disaster, seawater invasion disaster, red tide disaster and marine oil spill disaster. 2. Based on the risk degree of marine disaster and vulnerability of disaster bearing body, the evaluation index system of marine disaster risk is constructed, and the weight of index is calculated by using AHP and entropy weight method. The risk classification and evaluation method of "single marine disaster" and "complex marine disaster" are studied and established, which provides technical guarantee for the competent department of marine administration. In this paper, the main marine disasters in Liaoning Province are systematically analyzed, including the disaster forming process, the disaster environment data and disaster bearing body index, the general situation of historical disaster occurrence, disaster environment and disaster bearing body, and the classification and evaluation of marine disaster risk in six coastal cities of Liaoning Province. The result chart of risk evaluation is drawn, and the suggestion of risk management is put forward. The risk levels of special marine disasters in Liaoning management sea area are as follows: Dandong City is low risk grade, Dalian City is extremely high risk grade, Yingkou City, Panjin City, Jinzhou City and Huludao City are all medium risk grades. It provides a theoretical basis and basis for the management and formulation of laws and regulations in each sea area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X43

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本文編號(hào)：2062067