本文關(guān)鍵詞：重大工程建設(shè)中生態(tài)安全格局構(gòu)建基本原則和方法，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

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重大工程建設(shè)

    Principles and methodology for ecological rehabilitation and security pattern design in key project construction

    重大工程建設(shè)中生態(tài)安全格局構(gòu)建基本原則和方法

短句來源

    This paper made a systematic analysis on the types and characteristics of key project construction and their effects on the environment,and on the basis of this,brought forward the basic principles and methodology for ecological rehabilitation and security pattern design in this construction.

    本文系統(tǒng)分析了工程建設(shè)的類型、特征及其對區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響,在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了重大工程建設(shè)中生態(tài)恢復(fù)與安全格局構(gòu)建的基本原則和方法.

短句來源

    The interaction between these projects and regional ecological security has particularly attracted the attention of Chinese government.

    這些重大工程建設(shè)對區(qū)域生態(tài)安全的影響,以及區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)演變對工程安全運(yùn)行的影響成為我國政府關(guān)注的重要課題.

短句來源

    By orienting itself toward the national economic development, major construction projects and urbanization, environmental geology has developed rapidly.

    面向國民經(jīng)濟(jì)、國家重大工程建設(shè)和城市化的快速興起與發(fā)展,環(huán)境地質(zhì)學(xué)科得到了迅速發(fā)展。

短句來源

    For the major engineering projects which can greatly alter the regional ecological security, their assessment has practical importance.

    對于強(qiáng)烈改變區(qū)域生態(tài)安全的重大工程建設(shè)來說,生態(tài)安全評價具有重要現(xiàn)實意義。

短句來源

    It was considered that the following issues should be addressed in the implementation of a key project:1)analysis and evaluation of current regional ecological environment,2)evaluation of anthropogenic disturbances and their ecological risk,3)regional ecological rehabilitation and security pattern design,4)scenario analysis of environmental benefits of regional ecological security pattern,5)re-optimization of regional ecological system framework,and 6)establishment of regional ecosystem management plan.

    認(rèn)為在工程建設(shè)中構(gòu)建生態(tài)安全格局需要從6個方面著手:區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀分析與評價、工程建設(shè)生態(tài)干擾與風(fēng)險評價、生態(tài)安全格局預(yù)案構(gòu)建、區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境效應(yīng)情景分析、區(qū)域生態(tài)恢復(fù)與安全格局再優(yōu)化和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理方案的建立. 討論了我國重大工程建設(shè)中生態(tài)安全格局構(gòu)建面臨的突出問題.

短句來源

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The natural conditions of the margin regions of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang is poor, with meager precipitation, a large number of evaporation, drought and frequent wind, most soils have poor fertility and remarkable saline-alkalization. As the national condition in each region is more or less different with others in the investigation areas, especially the variation of soil textures, soil salts and soil nutrients between the different regions, there is the difference of succession and rejuvenescence among vegetation...

The natural conditions of the margin regions of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang is poor, with meager precipitation, a large number of evaporation, drought and frequent wind, most soils have poor fertility and remarkable saline-alkalization. As the national condition in each region is more or less different with others in the investigation areas, especially the variation of soil textures, soil salts and soil nutrients between the different regions, there is the difference of succession and rejuvenescence among vegetation covers. The vegetation cover is low with single plant community composition, high dominance and low diversity in land section of lean soil and serious saline-alkalization. Then, in land section of better soil texture and fertility vegetation cover is relative high with plant community composition of a certain extent of diversity. Under the condition of water resource being short, which is crucial stress factor to affect eco-environmental stability, the vegetation in the regions is difficult to form stable plant community. So, most plant communities are in the process of succession and eco-environment is very fragile. If implementing the development of water and soil resources and the construction of great engineering on this background of eco-environment, some measures must be taken to prevent ecological hazards.

新疆準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地邊緣部分地段降水少 ,蒸發(fā)量大 ,干旱多風(fēng) ,土壤肥力低和鹽堿化較強(qiáng) ,自然條件比較惡劣。但不同地貌單元自然條件又不盡相同 ,特別是土壤質(zhì)地、鹽分和養(yǎng)分的差異 ,導(dǎo)致植物群落發(fā)生相應(yīng)變化。在水資源嚴(yán)重匱乏的情況下 ,植被整體呈現(xiàn)出群落組成簡單、優(yōu)勢度高、多樣性和覆蓋度較低等特征。它們所構(gòu)成的生態(tài)環(huán)境非常脆弱 ,敏感性很高 ,在水土開發(fā)和重大工程建設(shè)時必須充分注意這些特點(diǎn)。

Located in north -south directed mountains and valleys in Southwestern China,mainly in Yunnan Province , the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR) is a very important ecological corridor between South China and South -East Asian. Ecological changes in this region directly influence Chinese trans -boundary ecological security and resources security. Under the comprehensive conditions of environmental pattern on landform, climate, water, soil, vegetation as well as human activity, corridor phenomena in the south...

Located in north -south directed mountains and valleys in Southwestern China,mainly in Yunnan Province , the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR) is a very important ecological corridor between South China and South -East Asian. Ecological changes in this region directly influence Chinese trans -boundary ecological security and resources security. Under the comprehensive conditions of environmental pattern on landform, climate, water, soil, vegetation as well as human activity, corridor phenomena in the south -north direction and barrier functions in the west -east direction have been showed distinctively on ecological economic system in this region. "Corridor-barrier" functions in LRGR are formed mainly by atmospheric circulation and geographical location; the barrier effect of North-South directive mountains to monsoon; and human activities. "Corridor-barrier" functions and its ecological effect in LRGR can be expressed as three major aspects: obviously three dimension distribution laws of vegetation in north-south direction, west-east direction and vertical direction; developed dry valleys and their fragile environments, and diverse ecosystems and their complicated patterns. Vital scientific research questions in this region include: ecological system changes and their driving factors, ecological effects of significant engineering construction projects, and trans -boundary ecological security as well as countermeasures. For better understanding of trans -boundary ecological security and socio -economic condition, ecological -economic regionalization is required to provide a scientific base. Based on macro ecological region system, social-economic indexes are applied to differentiate ecological-economic regions in this paper. The scheme divides the region into three temperature zones, seven natural zones, nineteen natural divisions and fifty-five economic districts.

我國西南縱向嶺谷區(qū)是我國西南與東南亞極為重要的生態(tài)走廊,生態(tài)變化直接影響我國跨境生態(tài)安全及資源保障。該區(qū)南北方向"通道"和東西方向"阻隔"作用的形成主要是由于大氣環(huán)流、南北走向山脈對季風(fēng)的阻擋作用和人為作用的影響。其生態(tài)效應(yīng)主要表現(xiàn)為植被分布的三維地帶性規(guī)律;干旱河谷發(fā)育,生態(tài)脆弱;生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型多樣,格局復(fù)雜。"通道-阻隔"作用的形成因素和生態(tài)效應(yīng)亦作用到社會經(jīng)濟(jì)活動上。研究表明該區(qū)跨境生態(tài)安全研究中的重要科學(xué)問題:縱向嶺谷區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的變化趨勢及主驅(qū)動力:縱向嶺谷區(qū)重大工程建設(shè)的生態(tài)效應(yīng);縱向嶺谷區(qū)的跨境生態(tài)安全及調(diào)控。為了適應(yīng)該區(qū)跨境生態(tài)安全和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要,必須有一個生態(tài)-經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合區(qū)劃作為研究基礎(chǔ)。本文以生態(tài)地理地域系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ),引入社會經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo),對研究區(qū)進(jìn)行生態(tài)-經(jīng)濟(jì)分區(qū),共劃分為三個溫度帶,7個自然地帶,19個自然區(qū)和55個經(jīng)濟(jì)小區(qū)。

Gurbantunggut Desert,with the main dune type of semi-fixed longitudinal dunes,is the second largest desert in China.The sand surface in interdune and on both slopes is stabilized by vegetation and biological crust while there is a mobile belt with 1 040m width on the top of dune.Resent years some great engineering,such as highway,oil field and water channel projects etc.,disturbed the sand surface that affected the desert stabilization directly.This paper,based on a great deal of field work,study on the stability...

Gurbantunggut Desert,with the main dune type of semi-fixed longitudinal dunes,is the second largest desert in China.The sand surface in interdune and on both slopes is stabilized by vegetation and biological crust while there is a mobile belt with 1 040m width on the top of dune.Resent years some great engineering,such as highway,oil field and water channel projects etc.,disturbed the sand surface that affected the desert stabilization directly.This paper,based on a great deal of field work,study on the stability of human disturbed sand surface,main sand disasters to the engineering and vegetation rehabilitation etc.,that will provide the theory basis for both engineering and ecology safety in the desert.Compared with natural ground surface,there is a stronger total surface activity on human disturbed sand surface.However,the straw checkerboard can stabilize it effectively.Without a protection system the engineering projects face the direct threat of sand erosion and deposition.This usually occurs when the cutting heads of the dunes move from north to south and bury the projects.Protection using only straw checkerboards on the disturbed face was largely ineffectual because sand moving along the top of the dune rapidly buried the protective system.Fill from the excavation of the longitudinal dune was placed on the interdune area,leading to the formation of a small but relatively steep sand slope.Although,the fill area was fixed with straw checkboards the steepness of the man-made slope means that this surface is prone to erosion from the dominant northerly winds.The key point of protection should be the cutting head of the longitudinal dune.On the one hand,the high barrier system should be set up on the top of dune in order to decrease wind velocity and block the blown-sand.On the other hand,straw checker-board should cover a significant area along the active belt and decrease the sand source.In the interdune area a gently sloping face should be created on the sand fill.Restoration of vegetation should be implemented after establishing the mechanical protection system.According to the environment conditions of Gurbantunggut Desert,using melting snow and falling water in spring to make artificial forest shelter system following disturbance of engineering is possible.Soil water in arid area is an important limit factor for plant germination and growth and so suitable plant species should be selected in different slopes and different engineering sections.The soil depth layer influenced by precipitation in Gurbantunggut Desert is confined to no more than 60 cm,therefore herbage should be enhanced to a definite level for restoration of vegetation.When planting dwarf trees and shrubs ecological characteristics of different species,their density and irrigation technique should be considered.The biological crust and herbage community layer will recover with time and the stability of artificial forest need further investigate.

古爾班通古特沙漠是中國最大的固定、半固定沙漠,沙丘類型以縱向沙壟為主。沙壟壟間和坡中下部沙面較為穩(wěn)定,僅在沙壟頂部存在10m~40m寬度不等的流動帶,風(fēng)沙活動規(guī)律獨(dú)特。近年來在沙漠腹地修筑的公路、引水渠等重大工程建設(shè)項目,不可避免地造成沙壟切割和保護(hù)層破壞,所引發(fā)的工程安全和生態(tài)安全等問題引起了人們的普遍關(guān)注。本文在大量實地觀測的基礎(chǔ)上,研究重大工程擾動地表后的沙面非穩(wěn)定性問題、主要工程沙害及植被恢復(fù)建設(shè)等,以期為古爾班通古特沙漠特殊環(huán)境條件下的工程安全和生態(tài)恢復(fù)提供理論支持。

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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：重大工程建設(shè)中生態(tài)安全格局構(gòu)建基本原則和方法，，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。