本文選題：永紅火區(qū) + 煙囪效應(yīng)　； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：煤田火災(zāi)是當(dāng)今世界重大自然災(zāi)害之一,它每年造成的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失達(dá)到數(shù)百億美元。煤田火災(zāi)形成的煤田火區(qū)時(shí)刻向大氣排放大量的的CO2、SO2等氣體,對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境也造成很大的影響。隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和發(fā)展,人們開(kāi)始研究煤田火災(zāi)和治理煤田火區(qū)。大部分煤田火災(zāi)是由礦井內(nèi)因火災(zāi)引起的,伴隨著礦井采空區(qū)頂板塌陷或者是封閉不嚴(yán)的井口漏風(fēng),易自燃的浮煤就會(huì)發(fā)生低溫氧化,在聚熱條件良好的環(huán)境下發(fā)生自燃,浮煤燃燒造成了更大的塌陷使得漏風(fēng)越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重,燃燒就會(huì)越來(lái)越劇烈,最終形成了煤田火區(qū)。 本文以準(zhǔn)格爾煤田永紅火區(qū)為模板,結(jié)合煤田火災(zāi)形成理論,針對(duì)永紅火區(qū)的燃燒特點(diǎn),提出了永紅火區(qū)綜合滅火防治技術(shù),通過(guò)火區(qū)監(jiān)測(cè)和火區(qū)治理后的測(cè)氡法反演驗(yàn)證了所提出防治技術(shù)的科學(xué)性和正確性。 本文主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容如下： (1)原永紅小窯開(kāi)采環(huán)境的研究。研究了原永紅小窯煤層開(kāi)采條件和其頂板的地質(zhì)特征,對(duì)其頂板塌陷和由于塌陷形成的地表裂隙進(jìn)行勘察研究,建立了火區(qū)空間模型。 (2)原永紅小窯采空區(qū)垮落三帶各自的透氣規(guī)律研究,推導(dǎo)了透氣率的計(jì)算公式,應(yīng)用煙囪效應(yīng)原理分析了外界大氣和采空區(qū)內(nèi)氣體通過(guò)塌陷裂隙的流通,初步確定了浮煤自燃初期采空區(qū)內(nèi)浮煤連續(xù)供氧的原因。 (3)永紅小窯采空區(qū)浮煤自燃后,釋放出的熱量引起采空區(qū)內(nèi)外的溫差變化,產(chǎn)生了火風(fēng)壓,這時(shí)火區(qū)的通風(fēng)供氧動(dòng)力完全由火風(fēng)壓提供。我們基于這些分析和研究建立了火區(qū)漏風(fēng)系統(tǒng)。 (4)在永紅火區(qū)治理施工過(guò)程中,我們對(duì)于確定永紅火區(qū)漏風(fēng)通道的確定提出了新的工程方法：火區(qū)直接注水法和紅外成像拍攝法。 (5)我們從宏觀上對(duì)永紅火區(qū)進(jìn)行燃燒熱動(dòng)力學(xué)的分析,結(jié)合永紅火區(qū)的實(shí)際施工現(xiàn)狀,我們提出了對(duì)永紅火區(qū)表面熱源巖層挖除來(lái)降低火區(qū)內(nèi)部集聚的熱量,從而達(dá)到降低火風(fēng)壓抑制火區(qū)燃燒的目的,同時(shí)也方便施工機(jī)械的施工。 (6)針對(duì)永紅火區(qū)的理論分析研究我們提出了綜合滅火治理技術(shù),通過(guò)火區(qū)監(jiān)測(cè)和測(cè)氡法反演驗(yàn)證了我們基于火區(qū)分析理論提出的永紅綜合滅火治理技術(shù)在永紅火區(qū)治理中取得的良好的效果。
[Abstract]:Coalfield fire is one of the major natural disasters in the world, which causes tens of billions of dollars of direct economic losses every year. The coal-field fire area always emits a lot of CO _ 2O _ 2 and so _ 2 into the atmosphere, which also has a great impact on the ecological environment. With the progress and development of the society, people begin to study the coalfield fire and control the coal-field fire area. Most of the coal-field fires are caused by mine fires. With the roof collapse in the goaf of the mine or the air leakage at the well head which is not strictly closed, the spontaneous combustion of the floating coal will occur at low temperature and spontaneous combustion in the environment of good thermal accumulation conditions. The combustion of floating coal causes a bigger collapse, which causes the air leakage to become more and more serious, and the combustion will become more and more intense. Finally, the coalfield fire area will be formed. Taking the Yonghong fire area of Zhunger coalfield as a template and combining the theory of coalfield fire formation, this paper puts forward the comprehensive fire prevention and control technology of Yonghong fire area according to the burning characteristics of Yonghong fire area. The method of radon measurement and inversion after fire area monitoring and fire control proved the scientific and correct of the proposed control technology. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) the mining environment of Yonghong small kiln. The mining conditions and the geological characteristics of the roof of the Yonghong small kiln coal seam are studied. The roof collapse and the surface fissure formed by the collapse are investigated. In this paper, the space model of fire zone is established. Based on the principle of chimney effect, the circulation of gas in the outside atmosphere and goaf through collapsing fissures is analyzed, and the reasons for continuous oxygen supply of floating coal in goaf in the initial stage of spontaneous combustion of floating coal are preliminarily determined. The heat released causes the variation of temperature difference inside and outside the goaf and produces the fire wind pressure, when the ventilation and oxygen supply power in the fire area is provided by the fire wind pressure. Based on these analysis and research, we have established the air leakage system in the fire area. We put forward a new engineering method to determine the air leakage channel in Yonghong fire area: direct water injection method and infrared imaging shooting method. 5) We analyze combustion thermodynamics in Yonghong fire area macroscopically. Combined with the actual construction situation of Yonghong fire area, we put forward to excavate the surface heat source rock layer in Yonghong fire area to reduce the heat accumulated inside the fire area, thus achieving the purpose of reducing the fire wind pressure and restraining the combustion in the fire area. At the same time, it is also convenient for the construction of construction machinery. By means of fire area monitoring and radon measurement inversion, the good effect of Yonghong comprehensive fire control technology based on the theory of fire zone analysis is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD75

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