本文選題：三氯氫硅 + 生產(chǎn)裝置�。� 參考：《濟南大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：事故后果模擬方法被廣泛應用于化工生產(chǎn)裝置的安全評價中。這種方法在評價過程中具有針對性,結(jié)果比較直觀,因而在生產(chǎn)裝置的火災、爆炸、中毒等危險性事故的評價中得到了普遍應用。三氯氫硅的生產(chǎn)過程涉及大量的易燃劇毒化學物質(zhì),一旦某個環(huán)節(jié)出現(xiàn)問題,其造成的人員傷亡、財產(chǎn)損失和環(huán)境污染是非常嚴重的。因此,對三氯氫硅生產(chǎn)裝置進行事故后果模擬,提出相應的防范措施,將對提升建設項目的本質(zhì)安全具有非常重要的意義。本文主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:1.通過對國內(nèi)外有關(guān)事故后果模擬、三氯氫硅安全評價進行分析,研究了現(xiàn)階段該領(lǐng)域取得的進展,深入分析了國內(nèi)事故后果模擬存在的模型過于理想化、沒有模擬多米諾事故等問題和三氯氫硅安全評價存在的套用公式、缺乏環(huán)境因素分析等問題。2.首先利用池火災公式和ALOHA軟件模擬計算了三氯氫硅儲罐發(fā)生池火災事故的死亡半徑、重傷半徑和輕傷半徑。根據(jù)兩種模擬結(jié)果偏差進行比較,加入池火災公式修正系數(shù),修正公式后重新計算,誤差都在1%之內(nèi),從而擴大了公式的適用范圍。其次針對安全評價報告中缺乏蒸氣云可燃區(qū)域模擬,先模擬了蒸氣云爆炸的沖擊波傷害范圍,又補充了可燃區(qū)域的計算,結(jié)果表明可燃區(qū)域比沖擊波傷害范圍大,且兩種傷害范圍都隨著風速的增大而減小。再次利用重氣體大氣擴散的DEGADIS簡化模型對氯氣擴散進行了模擬,結(jié)果表明臨界濃度下風向最大距離隨風速的增大呈現(xiàn)先增大后減小的趨勢。氯氣的擴散距離受多種因素的影響,分別研究了風速、溫度、濕度、地面粗糙度對氯氣擴散距離的影響,得出風速和地面粗糙度是主要的影響因素。3.利用CASST-QRA軟件模擬了三氯氫硅生產(chǎn)裝置的多米諾事故,得到了多米諾事故傷害范圍,閥門泄漏、管道泄漏等不同事故模式下裝置發(fā)生單一事故和多米諾事故的概率、三氯氫硅儲罐區(qū)的目標設備損壞概率以及個人風險和社會風險,結(jié)果表明三氯氫硅儲罐和變壓吸附塔引發(fā)多米諾事故的傷害范圍比單個設備傷害范圍分別大24.90 m和12.10 m,說明模擬裝置的多米諾事故是非常必要的。通過本文的工作,對三氯氫硅生產(chǎn)裝置提出了更全面的安全距離,得到了應加強裝置安全管理的具體部位和三氯氫硅儲罐區(qū)目標設備損壞概率,從而為該工廠全面降低生產(chǎn)風險提供了依據(jù),促進了三氯氫硅生產(chǎn)裝置安全評價的全面性和完整性。池火災修正系數(shù)和多米諾事故模擬提高了事故后果模擬模型的準確性,使得化工企業(yè)在應用事故后果模擬時得到更符合實際的結(jié)果,更好地為企業(yè)安全事故預防工作提供科學的依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The method of accident consequence simulation is widely used in safety evaluation of chemical plant. This method has pertinence in the process of evaluation, and the result is relatively intuitive, so it has been widely used in the evaluation of dangerous accidents such as fire, explosion, poisoning and so on. The production process of trichlorohydrosilicon involves a large number of flammable and highly toxic chemicals. Once there is a problem in a certain link, the casualties, property losses and environmental pollution are very serious. Therefore, it is of great significance to simulate the accident consequence of trichlorosilicon production plant and put forward the corresponding preventive measures to enhance the essential safety of the construction project. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. Through the analysis of domestic and foreign accident consequence simulation and safety evaluation of trichlorohydrosilicon, the progress in this field is studied, and the model of domestic accident consequence simulation is analyzed too idealized. There are no problems such as simulating domino accident, the applicable formula of safety assessment of trichlorohydrosilicon, and the lack of environmental factor analysis. Firstly, the radius of death, serious injury and slight injury of the fire accident in the tank of trichlorosilane storage tank were calculated by using the fire formula of pool and Aloha software. According to the deviation of the two simulation results, the correction coefficient of the fire formula is added, and the error is less than 1% after the correction of the formula, which expands the scope of application of the formula. Secondly, in view of the lack of combustible region simulation of vapor cloud in safety evaluation report, the damage range of shock wave in vapor cloud explosion is simulated first, and the calculation of combustible region is supplemented. The results show that the combustible area is larger than that of shock wave. And the range of both kinds of damage decreases with the increase of wind speed. A simplified DEGADIS model of heavy gas atmospheric diffusion is used to simulate chlorine diffusion. The results show that the maximum wind direction distance increases first and then decreases with the increase of wind speed. The influence of wind speed, temperature, humidity and surface roughness on chlorine diffusion distance was studied. Using CASST-QRA software to simulate the domino accident in the production plant of trichlorohydrosilicon, the probability of single accident and domino accident in different accident modes such as domino accident scope, valve leakage, pipeline leakage and so on is obtained. Target equipment damage probability and personal and social risks in the trichlorohydrosilicon storage area, The results show that the damage range of the domino accident caused by the silicon trichlorohydro storage tank and the pressure swing adsorption tower is 24.90 m and 12.10 m respectively than that of the single equipment, which indicates that the Domino accident of the analog device is very necessary. Through the work of this paper, a more comprehensive safety distance is put forward for the trichlorosilicon production plant, and the damage probability of the target equipment in the storage area of trichlorohydrosilicon storage tank and the specific site where the safety management of the plant should be strengthened is obtained. It provides a basis for reducing the production risk of the plant and promotes the integrity and comprehensiveness of the safety evaluation of the production unit of trichlorosilane. The correction coefficient of pool fire and domino accident simulation improve the accuracy of accident consequence simulation model and make chemical enterprises get more practical results when applying accident consequence simulation. Better for the enterprise safety accident prevention work to provide the scientific basis.
【學位授予單位】：濟南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ264.1;TQ086

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