本文選題：煤礦瓦斯 + 低濃度�。� 參考：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：大力開發(fā)低濃度煤礦抽采瓦斯這種具有高熱值，低污染的新能源，對(duì)優(yōu)化我國(guó)能源消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)，促進(jìn)環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展有著重要的作用和意義。但對(duì)于煤礦低濃度瓦斯來(lái)說(shuō)由于其甲烷濃度含量低燃燒釋放熱值低，用常規(guī)的燃燒方式很難將其穩(wěn)定燃燒高效利用，極大地制約了其利用率。針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，本文將脈動(dòng)燃燒技術(shù)與煤礦低濃度瓦斯燃燒利用相結(jié)合，提出一種新的低濃度瓦斯燃燒利用方法，并從燃燒理論、數(shù)值模擬及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究三個(gè)方面對(duì)低濃度瓦斯脈動(dòng)燃燒特性進(jìn)行分析研究。 理論研究上分析了脈動(dòng)燃燒基本理論，包括其工作原理、熱力學(xué)模型及熱聲耦合機(jī)理，結(jié)合低濃度煤礦瓦斯燃燒特性，建立了低濃度瓦斯脈動(dòng)燃燒氣柱振蕩模型的數(shù)學(xué)模型并根據(jù)瑞利準(zhǔn)則，分析了脈動(dòng)燃燒穩(wěn)定性機(jī)理和驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)理；建立了低濃度瓦斯脈動(dòng)著火的數(shù)學(xué)模型，并探討了脈動(dòng)燃燒過(guò)程中控制污染物排放的機(jī)理。 結(jié)合低濃度瓦斯氣體燃料的性質(zhì)及實(shí)驗(yàn)條件，，確定了脈動(dòng)燃燒器型式為Helmholtz型，根據(jù)脈動(dòng)燃燒器設(shè)計(jì)原則，設(shè)計(jì)了額定功率為10kW的低濃度瓦斯脈動(dòng)燃燒裝置，系統(tǒng)主要包括：配氣系統(tǒng)、燃燒系統(tǒng)及數(shù)據(jù)采集測(cè)量系統(tǒng)。 在數(shù)值模擬方面建立了適合低濃度瓦斯脈動(dòng)燃燒的數(shù)學(xué)模型、物理模型及求解模型，并通過(guò)編制UDF入口控制程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)了對(duì)脈動(dòng)入口邊界條件的自動(dòng)控制，運(yùn)用Fluent流場(chǎng)分析軟件對(duì)瓦斯?jié)舛鹊陀?0%的低濃度瓦斯脈動(dòng)燃燒特性進(jìn)行了研究，數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明：在一個(gè)脈動(dòng)周期內(nèi)各流場(chǎng)分布包括壓力場(chǎng)、速度場(chǎng)及溫度場(chǎng)分布也呈現(xiàn)周期性變化，其變化趨勢(shì)符合脈動(dòng)原理；在進(jìn)氣入口夾角為90°時(shí)溫度場(chǎng)分布最均勻；污染物NOx分布明顯低于常規(guī)的直接燃燒，并以快速型NOx為主； 實(shí)驗(yàn)研究：首次自行搭建了低濃度煤礦瓦斯脈動(dòng)燃燒實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)，對(duì)低濃度瓦斯的脈動(dòng)燃燒特性進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：通過(guò)燃燒火焰聲音、燃燒室壓力及空氣自吸現(xiàn)象可以判斷是否進(jìn)入脈動(dòng)；找出了影響各燃燒指標(biāo)的主要脈動(dòng)參數(shù)；以及低濃度瓦斯在不同脈動(dòng)燃燒參數(shù)條件下的燃燒污染物排放特性；同時(shí)得到了在實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下額定負(fù)荷為10kW的燃燒功率時(shí)，低濃度瓦斯脈動(dòng)燃燒的脈動(dòng)頻率范圍60-110Hz；燃燒最佳參數(shù)組合為熱負(fù)荷8kW、尾管長(zhǎng)度2000mm、瓦斯?jié)舛?%；實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果還表明采用脈動(dòng)燃燒方法不僅可以擴(kuò)展低濃度瓦斯的貧燃極限，實(shí)現(xiàn)瓦斯在5%濃度下穩(wěn)定而充分的燃燒，而且污染物的排放也處于一個(gè)較低的水平范圍之內(nèi)。 論文最后將實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比較分析，結(jié)果表明實(shí)驗(yàn)與模擬得到的脈動(dòng)參數(shù)變化對(duì)燃燒特性的影響具有相同的變化規(guī)律，即尾管長(zhǎng)度越長(zhǎng)，脈動(dòng)頻率越低；瓦斯?jié)舛仍酱螅紵郎囟仍礁�；燃燒室溫度隨著熱負(fù)荷的增加而增加在并在一定熱功率時(shí)達(dá)到最大，證明了數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性與燃燒模型的正確性。
[Abstract]:The development of low concentration coal mine gas, which has high heat value and low pollution, has an important role and significance to optimize the energy consumption structure and promote the coordinated development of the environment and economy. However, it is difficult to use conventional combustion methods for low concentration gas in coal mines because of low methane concentration and low burning rate. In view of this problem, a new low concentration gas combustion method is proposed by combining pulsating combustion technology with low concentration gas combustion in coal mine, and the combustion characteristics of low concentration gas pulsation from three aspects of combustion theory, numerical simulation and experimental research are presented in this paper. Carry on the analysis and study.
In theory, the basic theory of pulsating combustion is analyzed, including its working principle, thermodynamic model and thermoacoustic coupling mechanism. Combining with the gas combustion characteristics of low concentration coal mine, a mathematical model of gas column oscillation model of low concentration gas pulsating combustion is established and the mechanism of pulsating combustion stability and driving mechanism are analyzed according to Rayleigh criterion. The mathematical model of pulsating ignition of low concentration gas is discussed, and the mechanism of controlling pollutant emission in pulsating combustion process is discussed.
According to the properties and experimental conditions of low concentration gas and gas fuel, the pulsating burner type is Helmholtz type. According to the design principle of pulsating burner, a low concentration gas pulsating combustion device with a rated power of 10kW is designed. The system mainly includes the gas distribution system, the combustion system and the data acquisition and measurement system.
In the numerical simulation, a mathematical model, a physical model and a solution model for low concentration gas pulsation combustion are established, and the automatic control of the boundary conditions of the pulsating inlet is realized by a UDF entry control program. The Fluent flow field analysis software is used to study the combustion characteristics of the low gas pulsation combustion of a gas with a concentration of less than 10%. The numerical simulation results show that the distribution of the flow field in a pulsating period includes the pressure field, the velocity field and the distribution of the temperature field also show periodic changes. The change trend is in accordance with the pulsating principle; the distribution of the temperature field is the most uniform when the inlet inlet angle is 90 degrees; the NOx distribution of the pollutants is obviously lower than that of the conventional direct combustion. NOx is the main part.
Experimental research: for the first time, a low concentration coal mine gas pulsating combustion test bed was set up for the first time, and the pulsating combustion characteristics of the low concentration gas were experimentally investigated. The experimental results show that the combustion chamber pressure and air self absorption can be judged to enter the pulse through the combustion of the flame, and the main pulse which affects the combustion indexes is found. The dynamic parameters, and the emission characteristics of the combustion pollutants under the conditions of different pulsating combustion parameters of the low concentration gas, and the pulsating frequency range 60-110Hz of the low concentration gas pulsating combustion under the rated load of 10kW under the experimental conditions, the optimum parameters of the combustion are 8kW, the length of the tail tube, the gas, and the gas. The concentration is 8%, and the experimental results also show that the pulsating combustion method can not only expand the poor combustion limit of low concentration gas, but also achieve a stable and full combustion of gas under 5% concentrations, and the emission of pollutants is also within a lower level.
At the end of the paper, the experimental results are compared with the numerical simulation results. The results show that the change of the pulsating parameters of the experiment and simulation has the same change law on the combustion characteristics, that is, the longer the tail tube length is, the lower the pulse frequency is, the higher the gas concentration is, the higher the combustion temperature is, the combustion chamber temperature increases with the increase of the heat load. The accuracy of the numerical simulation and the correctness of the combustion model are verified by increasing the maximum power at a certain heat power.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TD712

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