本文選題：局部通風 + 數(shù)值模擬實驗��； 參考：《昆明理工大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：在金屬非金屬地下礦山較大以上事故中,因火災和炮煙引起的中毒窒息事故所占比例超過40%,事故起數(shù)和死亡人數(shù)均位于地下礦山各類事故之首。在這類事故中,有相當一部分是因局部通風不良所致。 局部通風效果不良的原因,主要是抽出式局部通風的有效吸程較短,出于保護風筒不被爆破飛石破壞的需要,一般在掘進中風筒口到工作面的距離都會大于有效吸程。因此,需要研究在不滿足有效吸程條件下提高局部通風效果的方法。 結(jié)合實際情況及前人的研究成果,本文采用了現(xiàn)場實測試驗與模擬試驗相結(jié)合的研究方法。即用CFD軟件建立局部通風數(shù)值模擬模型,現(xiàn)場實測與模型模擬結(jié)果進行對比驗證,然后利用模型進行多個方案、多次重復的試驗,獲得了豐富的試驗數(shù)據(jù),為改善抽出式局部通風效果的可能方案提供了依據(jù)。 為此,在本課題研究中自行設計并制作了基于STC12C5608AD單片機的CO監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),并編寫了單片機程序及上位機軟件程序。制定并實施了局部通風現(xiàn)場實驗方案。在云錫老廠1800運輸巷新掘甩車場的獨頭掘進工作面,對爆破后CO濃度變化進行了實時監(jiān)測。根據(jù)現(xiàn)場測量的巷道參數(shù),在CFD前處理軟件中對巷道進行建模并劃分網(wǎng)格。將劃分好的網(wǎng)格導入CFD軟件中設置參數(shù)及邊界條件,建立了“局部通風條件下CO擴散的三維湍流模型”。將CFD模型模擬的結(jié)果與現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測的結(jié)果進行對比,驗證了所建模型的可靠性和有效性。 利用所建模型,通過改變模擬試驗的通風方式、巷道斷面積、風速、風筒直徑和風筒到工作面距離等參數(shù),進行了多方案模擬試驗,得到不同模擬參數(shù)對局部通風效果的影響以及參數(shù)改變對“有效吸程”的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,理論研究得出的“循環(huán)渦流區(qū)’和“有效通風距離”在現(xiàn)實中存在；同時驗證了計算“有效射程”和“有效吸程”的經(jīng)驗公式,提出了類似條件下對經(jīng)驗公式使用和修正的建議；在“有效射程”和“有效吸程”無法滿足的情況下,可以通過增大風筒口風速、增加風筒直徑和延長通風時間等方式加速“循環(huán)渦流區(qū)”內(nèi)的有毒氣體和炮煙的排除。 本課題研制的、基于單片機的CO監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),通過更換其他種類的傳感器,可用于其他礦井通風參數(shù)的監(jiān)測,對地下礦山通風監(jiān)測實現(xiàn)智能化有實際意義。本文經(jīng)過現(xiàn)場和模擬試驗獲得的研究結(jié)果及建議,對改善局部通風效果,減少井下通風不良導致的事故,具有一定指導意義。
[Abstract]:The proportion of poisoning and asphyxiation accidents caused by fire and gunfire is more than 40 in the accidents of metal nonmetallic underground mines. The number of accidents and the number of deaths are both the first among all kinds of accidents in underground mines. A considerable part of these accidents are due to poor local ventilation. The main reason for the bad effect of local ventilation is that the effective suction distance of the extraction type local ventilation is short, and the distance from the heading stroke tube to the working face is generally larger than the effective suction distance in order to protect the tube-tube from being destroyed by blasting flying stones. Therefore, it is necessary to study the methods to improve the local ventilation effect without satisfying the effective suction conditions. Combined with the actual situation and the previous research results, this paper adopts the method of combining the field test with the simulation test. The numerical simulation model of local ventilation is established by using CFD software, and the results of field measurement and model simulation are compared and verified. Then, the model is used to carry out multiple projects and repeated experiments, and abundant test data are obtained. It provides a basis for improving the effect of local ventilation. Therefore, a CO monitoring system based on STC12C5608AD single chip microcomputer is designed and manufactured in this research. The program of MCU and the software program of upper computer are also written. The local ventilation field experiment scheme was established and implemented. Real time monitoring of CO concentration change after blasting was carried out in the single head driving face of new driving yard of 1800 transport lane in Yunxi Laoshan Plant. According to the parameters of roadway measured in the field, the roadway is modeled and meshed in CFD pre-processing software. A three-dimensional turbulent model of CO diffusion under local ventilation was established by introducing the divided mesh into CFD software to set up parameters and boundary conditions. The simulation results of CFD model are compared with the results of field monitoring, and the reliability and validity of the model are verified. By changing the ventilation mode, roadway sectional area, wind speed, tuyere diameter and the distance from the tube to the working face, the multi-scheme simulation test was carried out by using the established model. The influence of different simulation parameters on local ventilation and the effect of parameter change on effective suction are obtained. The results show that the "circulating vortex zone" and "effective ventilation distance" obtained by theoretical research exist in reality, and the empirical formulas for calculating "effective range" and "effective suction distance" are also verified. Suggestions for the use and modification of the empirical formula under similar conditions are proposed. In cases where "effective range" and "effective suction range" cannot be satisfied, the wind speed can be increased by increasing the wind speed of the nozzle. Increasing the diameter of the tuyere and prolonging the ventilation time to speed up the elimination of toxic gas and smoke in the swirl zone. The CO monitoring system based on single chip microcomputer developed in this paper can be used to monitor the ventilation parameters of other mines by replacing other kinds of sensors. It is of practical significance to realize intelligent ventilation monitoring in underground mines. The research results and suggestions obtained from the field and simulation tests in this paper have certain guiding significance for improving the effect of local ventilation and reducing the accidents caused by poor underground ventilation.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD721

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