本文選題：局部通風(fēng) + 數(shù)值模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)��； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：在金屬非金屬地下礦山較大以上事故中,因火災(zāi)和炮煙引起的中毒窒息事故所占比例超過(guò)40%,事故起數(shù)和死亡人數(shù)均位于地下礦山各類事故之首。在這類事故中,有相當(dāng)一部分是因局部通風(fēng)不良所致。 局部通風(fēng)效果不良的原因,主要是抽出式局部通風(fēng)的有效吸程較短,出于保護(hù)風(fēng)筒不被爆破飛石破壞的需要,一般在掘進(jìn)中風(fēng)筒口到工作面的距離都會(huì)大于有效吸程。因此,需要研究在不滿足有效吸程條件下提高局部通風(fēng)效果的方法。 結(jié)合實(shí)際情況及前人的研究成果,本文采用了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)試驗(yàn)與模擬試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的研究方法。即用CFD軟件建立局部通風(fēng)數(shù)值模擬模型,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)與模型模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比驗(yàn)證,然后利用模型進(jìn)行多個(gè)方案、多次重復(fù)的試驗(yàn),獲得了豐富的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),為改善抽出式局部通風(fēng)效果的可能方案提供了依據(jù)。 為此,在本課題研究中自行設(shè)計(jì)并制作了基于STC12C5608AD單片機(jī)的CO監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),并編寫了單片機(jī)程序及上位機(jī)軟件程序。制定并實(shí)施了局部通風(fēng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)方案。在云錫老廠1800運(yùn)輸巷新掘甩車場(chǎng)的獨(dú)頭掘進(jìn)工作面,對(duì)爆破后CO濃度變化進(jìn)行了實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)。根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)量的巷道參數(shù),在CFD前處理軟件中對(duì)巷道進(jìn)行建模并劃分網(wǎng)格。將劃分好的網(wǎng)格導(dǎo)入CFD軟件中設(shè)置參數(shù)及邊界條件,建立了“局部通風(fēng)條件下CO擴(kuò)散的三維湍流模型”。將CFD模型模擬的結(jié)果與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)的結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了所建模型的可靠性和有效性。 利用所建模型,通過(guò)改變模擬試驗(yàn)的通風(fēng)方式、巷道斷面積、風(fēng)速、風(fēng)筒直徑和風(fēng)筒到工作面距離等參數(shù),進(jìn)行了多方案模擬試驗(yàn),得到不同模擬參數(shù)對(duì)局部通風(fēng)效果的影響以及參數(shù)改變對(duì)“有效吸程”的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,理論研究得出的“循環(huán)渦流區(qū)’和“有效通風(fēng)距離”在現(xiàn)實(shí)中存在；同時(shí)驗(yàn)證了計(jì)算“有效射程”和“有效吸程”的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式,提出了類似條件下對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式使用和修正的建議；在“有效射程”和“有效吸程”無(wú)法滿足的情況下,可以通過(guò)增大風(fēng)筒口風(fēng)速、增加風(fēng)筒直徑和延長(zhǎng)通風(fēng)時(shí)間等方式加速“循環(huán)渦流區(qū)”內(nèi)的有毒氣體和炮煙的排除。 本課題研制的、基于單片機(jī)的CO監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),通過(guò)更換其他種類的傳感器,可用于其他礦井通風(fēng)參數(shù)的監(jiān)測(cè),對(duì)地下礦山通風(fēng)監(jiān)測(cè)實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化有實(shí)際意義。本文經(jīng)過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)和模擬試驗(yàn)獲得的研究結(jié)果及建議,對(duì)改善局部通風(fēng)效果,減少井下通風(fēng)不良導(dǎo)致的事故,具有一定指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:The proportion of poisoning and asphyxiation accidents caused by fire and gunfire is more than 40 in the accidents of metal nonmetallic underground mines. The number of accidents and the number of deaths are both the first among all kinds of accidents in underground mines. A considerable part of these accidents are due to poor local ventilation. The main reason for the bad effect of local ventilation is that the effective suction distance of the extraction type local ventilation is short, and the distance from the heading stroke tube to the working face is generally larger than the effective suction distance in order to protect the tube-tube from being destroyed by blasting flying stones. Therefore, it is necessary to study the methods to improve the local ventilation effect without satisfying the effective suction conditions. Combined with the actual situation and the previous research results, this paper adopts the method of combining the field test with the simulation test. The numerical simulation model of local ventilation is established by using CFD software, and the results of field measurement and model simulation are compared and verified. Then, the model is used to carry out multiple projects and repeated experiments, and abundant test data are obtained. It provides a basis for improving the effect of local ventilation. Therefore, a CO monitoring system based on STC12C5608AD single chip microcomputer is designed and manufactured in this research. The program of MCU and the software program of upper computer are also written. The local ventilation field experiment scheme was established and implemented. Real time monitoring of CO concentration change after blasting was carried out in the single head driving face of new driving yard of 1800 transport lane in Yunxi Laoshan Plant. According to the parameters of roadway measured in the field, the roadway is modeled and meshed in CFD pre-processing software. A three-dimensional turbulent model of CO diffusion under local ventilation was established by introducing the divided mesh into CFD software to set up parameters and boundary conditions. The simulation results of CFD model are compared with the results of field monitoring, and the reliability and validity of the model are verified. By changing the ventilation mode, roadway sectional area, wind speed, tuyere diameter and the distance from the tube to the working face, the multi-scheme simulation test was carried out by using the established model. The influence of different simulation parameters on local ventilation and the effect of parameter change on effective suction are obtained. The results show that the "circulating vortex zone" and "effective ventilation distance" obtained by theoretical research exist in reality, and the empirical formulas for calculating "effective range" and "effective suction distance" are also verified. Suggestions for the use and modification of the empirical formula under similar conditions are proposed. In cases where "effective range" and "effective suction range" cannot be satisfied, the wind speed can be increased by increasing the wind speed of the nozzle. Increasing the diameter of the tuyere and prolonging the ventilation time to speed up the elimination of toxic gas and smoke in the swirl zone. The CO monitoring system based on single chip microcomputer developed in this paper can be used to monitor the ventilation parameters of other mines by replacing other kinds of sensors. It is of practical significance to realize intelligent ventilation monitoring in underground mines. The research results and suggestions obtained from the field and simulation tests in this paper have certain guiding significance for improving the effect of local ventilation and reducing the accidents caused by poor underground ventilation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TD721

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