赤泥基復合粉體抑爆材料制備及其抑爆性能實驗研究
本文選題:瓦斯爆炸 + 爆炸火焰。 參考:《河南理工大學》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:瓦斯爆炸具有很強的破壞性,是礦井生產(chǎn)的重大災害之一,嚴重制約著礦井的安全生產(chǎn)和發(fā)展。近年來,國內(nèi)外許多專家學者致力于瓦斯抑爆的研究,并取得了一定的進展。粉體材料以其性能優(yōu)良、儲運方便、無毒害等特點在瓦斯抑爆領(lǐng)域得到一定程度的應用。論文首先利用自主搭建的易爆氣體爆炸實驗平臺,研究甲烷濃度為8%、9%、9.5%、10%、11%甲烷-空氣混合氣體的爆炸特性。結(jié)果表明:爆炸火焰在管道內(nèi)經(jīng)歷了層流火焰?zhèn)鞑、郁金香火焰(zhèn)鞑ズ屯牧骰鹧鎮(zhèn)鞑ト齻特征階段;爆炸管道壓力表現(xiàn)出升壓、震蕩和反向沖擊三個變化階段;通過分析爆炸火焰圖片,光電傳感信號和壓力傳感信號發(fā)現(xiàn),在一端開口的管道內(nèi),爆炸壓力出現(xiàn)變化的時間總是先于火焰?zhèn)鞑ニ俣鹊淖兓瘯r間,表明爆炸壓力的變化是導致火焰?zhèn)鞑ニ俣茸兓脑。其次以拜耳法赤泥為原?經(jīng)過酸浸出法脫堿、溶膠-凝膠法改性等處理后得到比表面積高達255m2/g的具有豐富微孔結(jié)構(gòu)的改性赤泥粉體材料。利用自行搭建的瓦斯抑爆實驗平臺,對改性赤泥粉體的抑爆性能機理進行實驗研究。結(jié)果表明:經(jīng)過改性的赤泥粉體在瓦斯抑爆實驗中表現(xiàn)出良好的抑爆效果。其中,質(zhì)量濃度為0.15g/L的赤泥粉體可使爆炸最大壓力降低30%,壓力峰值出現(xiàn)時間延遲32%左右。最后以改性赤泥為載體,尿素為活性抑爆成分,采用浸漬法制備改性赤泥基尿素復合材料。通過對比分析改性赤泥、尿素、改性赤泥基10%尿素和改性赤泥基20%尿素四種樣品的抑爆結(jié)果可得:質(zhì)量體積濃度為0.08g/L的改性赤泥基20%尿素復合抑爆粉體對爆炸火焰的影響最大,其作用下的爆炸火焰在相同的時間內(nèi)傳播的距離最短,火焰?zhèn)鞑サ淖畲笏俣冉禐?5m/s。爆炸壓力的最大值由116mbar下降到66.1mbar,壓力下降率達43%。復合粉體中改性赤泥和尿素粉體兩種組分在抑爆過程中的相互協(xié)同作用,是其具有優(yōu)良抑爆性能的重要原因。本論文以瓦斯爆炸和瓦斯抑爆理論為基礎(chǔ),研究改性赤泥以及改性赤泥基尿素復合粉體對瓦斯爆炸的抑制效果,并對其抑爆機理進行理論研究分析。
[Abstract]:Gas explosion is one of the major disasters in mine production, which seriously restricts the safe production and development of mine. In recent years, many experts and scholars at home and abroad have devoted themselves to the research of gas explosion suppression and have made some progress. The powder material has been applied to some extent in the field of gas explosion suppression because of its excellent properties, convenient storage and transportation, no toxicity and so on. In this paper, the explosion characteristics of 11% methane / air mixture gas with methane concentration of 8% and 9.5% are studied by using a self-built explosive test platform. The results show that the explosion flame goes through three characteristic stages: laminar flame propagation, tulip flame propagation and turbulent flame propagation, and the pressure of the explosive pipe shows three stages of pressure rise, shock and reverse impact. By analyzing the pictures of the explosion flame, the photoelectric sensing signal and the pressure sensing signal, it is found that in the pipeline with an opening at one end, the time when the explosion pressure changes is always ahead of the change time of the flame propagation speed. It shows that the change of explosion pressure is the cause of the change of flame propagation velocity. Secondly, the red mud of Bayer process was used as raw material. After acid leaching and sol-gel modification, the modified red mud powder with rich micropore structure was obtained with a specific surface area of up to 255m2/g. The mechanism of anti-explosion performance of modified red mud powder was studied by using the experimental platform of gas explosion suppression. The results showed that the modified red mud powder had a good effect in the gas explosion suppression experiment. The red mud powder with mass concentration of 0.15g/L can reduce the maximum explosion pressure by 30% and delay the peak pressure by 32%. Finally, modified red mud based urea composites were prepared by impregnation method with modified red mud as carrier and urea as active explosive suppression component. The results of explosion suppression of modified red mud, urea, modified red mud based 10% urea and modified red mud base 20% urea were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the modified red mud based 20% urea composite explosive suppression powder with 0.08g/L mass volume concentration had the greatest effect on the explosion flame. The explosive flame propagates at the shortest distance in the same time, and the maximum velocity of flame propagation is reduced to 45 m / s. The maximum explosion pressure dropped from 116mbar to 66.1 mbar. the pressure drop rate reached 43. The synergistic action of the two components of modified red mud and urea powder in the process of explosion suppression is an important reason for their excellent explosion suppression performance. Based on the theory of gas explosion and gas explosion suppression, the effect of modified red mud and modified red mud based urea composite powder on gas explosion was studied and analyzed theoretically.
【學位授予單位】:河南理工大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:TD712.7
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