本文選題：薄及中厚軟煤層 + 水力壓裂　； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：西南地區(qū)是我國(guó)重要的產(chǎn)煤基地和能源供應(yīng)基地,不僅煤炭資源豐富,資源總量達(dá)到3866億噸;而且煤層氣儲(chǔ)量達(dá)到4.21億m3,開(kāi)發(fā)潛力大。但西南地區(qū)煤層地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜,主采煤層厚度大多在0.8m~3.5m,以薄及中厚煤層為主;煤質(zhì)普遍較軟,f值在0.2~1;煤層透氣性極低,滲透率在10-4 mD~10-3mD。導(dǎo)致西南地區(qū)煤層氣開(kāi)發(fā)及瓦斯災(zāi)害防治困難,嚴(yán)重制約清潔能源高效開(kāi)發(fā)及煤炭安全生產(chǎn)。因此,如何大幅度增加薄及中厚軟煤層透氣性成為有效解決西南地區(qū)煤層氣開(kāi)發(fā)效率低災(zāi)害防治困難的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。近年來(lái),重慶松藻礦區(qū)將水力壓裂技術(shù)引用到煤礦井下增透抽采煤層氣,初步應(yīng)用結(jié)果表明:平均單孔抽采純量提高了3~5倍。但薄及中厚軟煤層水力壓裂裂縫起裂擴(kuò)展規(guī)律及其對(duì)頂板損傷破壞機(jī)理、壓裂過(guò)程中瓦斯運(yùn)移富集規(guī)律仍然不明確。本論文采用理論分析、數(shù)值模擬、實(shí)驗(yàn)室及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法,研究了薄及中厚軟煤層水力壓裂裂縫起裂擴(kuò)展、煤巖損傷變形及瓦斯運(yùn)移機(jī)理。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)建立了煤層水力壓裂起裂壓力及起裂方向計(jì)算模型,并揭示了煤層產(chǎn)狀、地應(yīng)力對(duì)煤層起裂壓力、起裂方向的影響規(guī)律。煤層產(chǎn)狀是影響薄及中厚軟煤層水力壓裂鉆孔布置方式的主要因素,通過(guò)分析煤層產(chǎn)狀和地應(yīng)力共同影響下鉆孔應(yīng)力狀態(tài),根據(jù)最大拉應(yīng)力理論,建立了煤層水力壓裂鉆孔起裂壓力及起裂方向計(jì)算模型,并采用相似模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)計(jì)算模型進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果表明:起裂壓力隨水平主應(yīng)力差、煤層傾向與最大主應(yīng)力方位的夾角增大而減小,隨煤層傾角增大而增大;隨著煤層傾角減小,裂縫起裂方向由沿著煤層走向起裂逐漸向走向與傾向之間逆時(shí)針偏轉(zhuǎn),且偏轉(zhuǎn)速度逐漸加快;隨著煤層傾向與最大主應(yīng)力方位的夾角增大,裂縫起裂方向由沿著煤層傾向起裂逐漸向煤層走向逆時(shí)針偏轉(zhuǎn),且偏轉(zhuǎn)速度逐漸減慢。(2)通過(guò)構(gòu)建薄及中厚軟煤層水力壓裂區(qū)域煤層—頂板損傷力學(xué)模型,揭示了水力壓裂區(qū)域頂板損傷變形機(jī)理。理論分析了水力壓裂克服煤體黏彈塑性致使頂板產(chǎn)生變形破壞,導(dǎo)致煤體卸壓增透的基本原理。并通過(guò)將煤層水力壓裂影響區(qū)域頂板簡(jiǎn)化為彈性薄板,建立薄及中厚軟煤層水力壓裂區(qū)域煤層—頂板損傷力學(xué)模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用FLAC3D分析薄及中厚軟煤層水力壓裂過(guò)程中頂板應(yīng)力狀態(tài),揭示了煤層厚度、地應(yīng)力、水力壓裂工藝參數(shù)對(duì)頂板損傷變形的影響規(guī)律。(3)建立了薄及中厚軟煤層水力壓裂瓦斯運(yùn)移模型,揭示了水力壓裂瓦斯運(yùn)移富集規(guī)律。理論分析了薄及中厚軟煤層水力壓裂過(guò)程中高壓水驅(qū)替瓦斯的基本原理,根據(jù)滲流力學(xué)理論分析含瓦斯煤體水氣驅(qū)替動(dòng)力學(xué)過(guò)程,并建立薄及中厚軟煤層水力壓裂水氣驅(qū)替兩相滲流模型,揭示了煤體孔隙度、滲透率、瓦斯壓力及水力壓裂工藝參數(shù)對(duì)薄及中厚軟煤層水力壓裂瓦斯運(yùn)移的影響規(guī)律。(4)研發(fā)出薄及中厚軟煤層水力壓裂技術(shù)工藝及壓裂效果評(píng)價(jià)方法。根據(jù)薄及中厚軟煤層水力壓裂增透原理及賦存特征,研發(fā)出適用于薄及中厚軟煤層水力壓裂增透技術(shù)工藝;提出了“一看、二探、三測(cè)”的薄及中厚軟煤層水力壓裂增透效果評(píng)價(jià)方法。并將該技術(shù)應(yīng)用于同華煤礦3121掘進(jìn)條帶增透抽采煤層氣,結(jié)果表明:水力壓裂范圍為50m~60m時(shí),瓦斯富集區(qū)位于30m~50m;與相鄰未壓裂的2127掘進(jìn)條帶相比,平均單孔瓦斯抽采純量由1.75m3/d增加至10.36m3/d,提高了4.9倍;巷道掘進(jìn)效率提高90.7%,平均風(fēng)排瓦斯量從1.53m3/min降到0.45m3/min,降低了70.8%。
[Abstract]:Southwest China is an important coal producing base and energy supply base, not only rich in coal resources, the total amount of resources reached 3866 million tons, and the coal bed gas reserves reached 421 million m3, and the development potential is large. But the coal seam geological conditions in the southwest area are complex, the thickness of the main coal seam is mostly in the 0.8m~ 3.5m, which is mainly thin and medium thick coal seam, and the coal quality is generally soft and F value. In 0.2~1, the permeability of coal seam is very low, the permeability in 10-4 mD~10-3mD. leads to the difficulty in the development of coal bed gas and the prevention of gas disaster in the southwest region, which seriously restricts the efficient development of clean energy and the safe production of coal. Therefore, how to increase the permeability of thin and medium thick soft coal seam to effectively solve the low disaster prevention of coal seam gas development efficiency in Southwest China In recent years, hydraulic fracturing technology was quoted by hydraulic fracturing technology in coal mine in Chongqing. The preliminary application results showed that the average single hole extraction purity increased by 3~5 times. But the fracture expansion law of hydraulic fracturing fracture in thin and medium thick soft coal seam and its damage mechanism to the roof, and gas in the process of fracturing The law of migration and enrichment is still not clear. In this paper, the theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, laboratory and field experiments have been used to study the crack initiation and expansion, the damage and deformation of the coal and rock and the mechanism of gas migration in thin and medium thick soft coal seam. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the calculation of the fracturing pressure and the cracking direction of the hydraulic fracturing of the coal seam The coal seam production is the main factor affecting the layout of the hydraulic fracturing drilling holes in thin and medium thick soft coal seams. By analyzing the joint stress state of the coal seam and the ground stress, the coal seam hydraulic pressure is established according to the maximum tensile stress theory. The calculation model has been verified by the similar simulation experiment. The results show that the crack pressure decreases with the horizontal main stress, the coal seam tendency decreases with the angle of the maximum main stress orientation, and increases with the increase of the coal seam inclination, and along with the decrease of the coal seam dip angle, the direction of crack initiation is along the edge. As the coal seam strike cracking gradually converse clockwise between trend and tendency, and the deflection speed increases gradually, with the increase of the angle of coal seam tendency and the maximum principal stress orientation, the direction of crack initiation is gradually deflected from coal seam tendency to coal seam to reverse clockwise, and the partial speed degree gradually slows down. (2) through the construction of thin and medium thick soft coal seam. The mechanical model of coal seam roof damage in hydraulic fracturing area reveals the mechanism of roof damage and deformation in hydraulic fracturing area. The basic principle of hydraulic fracturing to overcome the deformation and damage of the roof caused by the viscoelastic plasticity of the coal body and the pressure relief of the coal body is analyzed theoretically. On the basis of FLAC3D analysis thin and the stress state of the roof in the hydraulic fracturing process of medium and thick soft coal seam, the influence law of the thickness of coal seam, ground stress and hydraulic fracturing parameters on the deformation of the roof is revealed on this basis. (3) a thin and medium thick soft coal seam has been established. The model of hydraulic fracturing gas migration reveals the law of gas migration and enrichment in hydraulic fracturing. The basic principle of high pressure water displacement in the process of hydraulic fracturing in thin and medium thick soft coal seam is theoretically analyzed. The hydrodynamics process of gas and gas displacement in coal bearing coal body is analyzed according to the theory of seepage mechanics, and water and gas displacement in thin and medium thick soft coal seam hydraulic fracturing is established. The two phase seepage model reveals the influence law of coal body porosity, permeability, gas pressure and hydraulic fracturing parameters on the hydraulic fracturing gas migration in thin and medium thick soft coal seam. (4) research and development of thin and medium thick soft coal seam hydraulic fracturing technology and evaluation method of fracturing effect. The technology of hydraulic fracturing technology for thin and medium thick soft coal seam is developed, and the evaluation method of "one look, two exploration, three measurements" and the evaluation method of hydraulic fracturing effect in medium thick soft coal seam is put forward. And the technology is applied to the 3121 tunneling strip of Tonghua coal mine to increase the permeability and extraction of coal bed gas. The result shows that the hydraulic fracturing range is 50m~60m, tile. The concentration area is located in 30m~50m. Compared with the 2127 adjacent non fractured strip, the average gas extraction purity of the single hole is increased from 1.75m3/d to 10.36m3/d, increased by 4.9 times, the driving efficiency of the tunnel is increased by 90.7%, the average gas discharge amount is reduced from 1.53m3/min to 0.45m3/min, and 70.8%. is reduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD712

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