本文選題：液體�；反a頭 + 日常高危作業(yè)�。� 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學（北京）》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：綜觀安全科學的發(fā)展歷史，危險化學品安全始終是推動安全科學發(fā)展的強大動力。意大利塞維索（Seveso）事故、印度博帕爾泄漏事故、�？松Ｉ鲜托孤┦鹿省瓱o數(shù)慘痛的教訓讓我們不斷反省，并逐漸在邁向本質(zhì)安全的道路上逐步前進。隨著我國相關(guān)領(lǐng)域?qū)瘜W品原料及產(chǎn)品的需求的不斷增加，作為�；愤\輸?shù)闹髁�，水路危險化學品儲運逐漸成為掌控我國經(jīng)濟和貿(mào)易發(fā)展的命脈。然而，化學品都具有一定的危險性，尤其是液體化學品，其揮發(fā)性、流動性與滲漏性，更容易成為導致火災、爆炸、中毒等事故的直接原因。碼頭作業(yè)是水上化學品儲運的重要環(huán)節(jié)，以往的經(jīng)驗告訴我們，事故往往發(fā)生在作業(yè)過程中，由于作業(yè)對象的危險性，這些作業(yè)均可視為高危作業(yè)。如何合理地運用有限資源有效地避免此類高危作業(yè)事故的發(fā)生，不但是液體危險化學品碼頭企業(yè)亟待解決的問題，同樣是政府部門監(jiān)督、管控所關(guān)注的重要課題。 本文以液體危險化學品碼頭高危作業(yè)為對象，在相關(guān)資料收集，企業(yè)實地調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上，進行深入、系統(tǒng)的探索和研究，提出了液體危險化學品碼頭日常高危作業(yè)與特種高危作業(yè)兩類高危作業(yè)的風險分級方法，并對提出和研究過程進行了詳細的描述，具體工作內(nèi)容如下： （1）通過對國內(nèi)外碼頭危險化學品儲運安全及危險分級研究現(xiàn)狀的收集和整理，針對目前的相關(guān)研究存在的不足，分析了液體危險化學品儲運碼頭高危作業(yè)的特點及風險因素，并選取了液體危險化學品儲運碼頭最常見的八大類日常高危作業(yè)與八大類特種高危作業(yè)為研究對象。 （2）在風險函數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上通過借鑒作業(yè)過程風險分析法，建立了日常高危作業(yè)風險分級模型。采用了德爾菲法（Delphi）確定風險分級指標，并結(jié)合云模型對各指標權(quán)重進行優(yōu)化確定，以減小專家主觀因素影響，增加方法科學性。 （3）對國內(nèi)規(guī)范較為完善的特種高危作業(yè)，提出了“特種高危作業(yè)風險指數(shù)”反映其作業(yè)風險的大小，并參照國家相關(guān)規(guī)范對各指標及標準進行設定，構(gòu)建特種高危作業(yè)風險分級方法。 （4）分別將上述兩類高危作業(yè)風險分級方法在長江某液體危險化學品碼頭儲運企業(yè)當中進行實證研究，體現(xiàn)較強的實用性。
[Abstract]:In view of the development history of safety science, hazardous chemical safety has always been a powerful driving force to promote the development of safety science. The Seveso accident in Seveso, Italy, the Bhopal spill in India and the Exxon oil spill at sea. Countless painful lessons let us continue to reflect, and gradually on the road to essential safety. With the increasing demand for chemical raw materials and products in related fields of our country, as the main force of dangerous chemicals transportation, the storage and transportation of dangerous chemicals by waterway has gradually become the lifeline of controlling the development of economy and trade in China. However, chemicals are dangerous, especially liquid chemicals, their volatility, fluidity and leakage are more likely to be the direct cause of fire, explosion, poisoning and other accidents. Wharf operation is an important link in the storage and transportation of chemicals on water. The past experience tells us that accidents often occur in the course of operation. Due to the danger of the objects of operation, these operations can be regarded as high-risk operations. How to use limited resources reasonably to avoid such high risk accidents is not only an urgent problem to be solved by liquid dangerous chemical wharf enterprises, but also an important subject that government supervision and control pay attention to. This paper takes the high risk operation of liquid hazardous chemicals wharf as the object, carries on the thorough, systematic exploration and the research on the basis of the related data collection, the enterprise field investigation, In this paper, the risk classification method of daily high risk operation and special high risk operation in liquid hazardous chemicals terminal is put forward, and the process of putting forward and researching is described in detail. The specific work contents are as follows: 1) through collecting and sorting out the present situation of the research on the safety and classification of dangerous chemicals storage and transportation in domestic and foreign wharves, and aiming at the shortcomings of the related research at present, the characteristics and risk factors of high risk operation of liquid hazardous chemicals storage and transportation terminal are analyzed. Eight kinds of daily high-risk operations and eight kinds of special high-risk operations of liquid hazardous chemicals storage and transportation wharf were selected as the research object. 2) based on the risk function, the risk classification model of daily high risk activities is established by using the risk analysis method of operation process for reference. The Delphi method is used to determine the risk classification index and the cloud model is used to optimize the weight of each index in order to reduce the influence of expert subjective factors and increase the scientific nature of the method. (3) for the special high risk operations with perfect domestic norms, the paper puts forward the "special high risk operation risk index" to reflect the size of the operational risks, and sets the indexes and standards according to the relevant national norms. To construct the risk classification method of special high-risk operations. 4) the above two kinds of high risk operation risk classification methods are studied in a liquid dangerous chemical wharf storage and transportation enterprise in the Yangtze River, which shows strong practicability.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學（北京）
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：U698.5;U695.292

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