本文選題：安全工程 + 地下立體車庫(kù)�。� 參考：《華南理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：地下立體車庫(kù)具有停車密度大、封閉性高、火災(zāi)蔓延迅速、撲救難度大等特點(diǎn),其主要火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)源是汽車,研究地下立體車庫(kù)火災(zāi)行為特性對(duì)預(yù)防和控制地下立體車庫(kù)火災(zāi)具有十分重要的意義。論文以位于城市中心住宅區(qū)的某地下立體車庫(kù)為研究對(duì)象,在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上,采用實(shí)驗(yàn)研究、理論分析、數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的方法,開(kāi)展地下立體車庫(kù)火災(zāi)滅火效能評(píng)估及防控技術(shù)研究,取得主要成果如下:(1)通過(guò)汽車可燃物燃燒實(shí)驗(yàn),從火災(zāi)充分發(fā)展階段持續(xù)時(shí)間、火焰高度峰值及火焰溫度峰值三方面分析汽車常見(jiàn)起火部位的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性。結(jié)果表明其火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性大小排序?yàn)?油箱下方的輪胎油箱(油箱敞開(kāi))駕駛艙(海綿座椅),為火源功率分析提供基礎(chǔ)參考數(shù)據(jù)。(2)利用點(diǎn)火源熱輻射模型分析計(jì)算了地下立體車庫(kù)火災(zāi)由起火汽車向周圍汽車蔓延的時(shí)間,把獲得的計(jì)算結(jié)果與Pyro Sim數(shù)值模擬方法獲得的結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較分析。結(jié)果表明兩種方法均可預(yù)測(cè)起火汽車向周圍汽車蔓延的時(shí)間;數(shù)值模擬方法獲得的結(jié)果更為保守,且可以詳細(xì)分析火場(chǎng)各區(qū)域內(nèi)熱輻射量變化情況;而計(jì)算公式分析過(guò)程較為簡(jiǎn)單,僅適用于下層停車位起火的情況,對(duì)上層停車位起火的情況不適用。(3)利用馬爾科夫鏈平穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)移概率模型分析了地下立體車庫(kù)火災(zāi)由起火汽車向周圍汽車蔓延的過(guò)程。結(jié)果表明馬爾科夫鏈平穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)移概率模型能夠較好地描述起火汽車向周圍汽車蔓延的過(guò)程;若無(wú)滅火措施,起火汽車向周圍汽車蔓延的概率會(huì)隨時(shí)間而增大。(4)根據(jù)實(shí)地調(diào)研,借助Pyro Sim軟件建立某地下立體車庫(kù)多場(chǎng)景火災(zāi)模型,評(píng)估自動(dòng)噴水系統(tǒng)及通風(fēng)排煙系統(tǒng)火災(zāi)控制作用。模擬結(jié)果表明:自動(dòng)噴水系統(tǒng)對(duì)控制封閉空間內(nèi)汽車火災(zāi)發(fā)展、保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性均起到關(guān)鍵作用;而傳統(tǒng)的固定管道通風(fēng)排煙系統(tǒng),對(duì)控制火災(zāi)蔓延及保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性均無(wú)顯著作用。(5)從建筑結(jié)構(gòu)、消防設(shè)施、安全管理三大方面提出地下立體車庫(kù)火災(zāi)防控對(duì)策。包括車庫(kù)類型、結(jié)構(gòu)耐火等級(jí)及防火分隔等建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì);火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)、噴淋系統(tǒng)及通風(fēng)排煙系統(tǒng)等消防設(shè)施的選擇和布置;車庫(kù)電氣用電安全、應(yīng)急響應(yīng)系統(tǒng)等方面的安全管理,為地下立體車庫(kù)的消防安全規(guī)劃及管理提供一定參考。
[Abstract]:Underground three-dimensional garage has the characteristics of high parking density, high closure, rapid spread of fire, difficulty in fighting and so on. The main fire hazard of underground garage is automobile. It is very important to study the behavior of underground garage fire to prevent and control the underground garage fire. Based on the field investigation, the paper takes the underground parking garage in the central residential area of the city as the research object, and adopts the method of combining experimental research, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Research on fire extinguishing efficiency evaluation and prevention and control technology of underground three-dimensional garage is carried out. The main results are as follows: 1) through the combustion experiment of automobile combustible, the duration of the fire from the full development stage of the fire is achieved. The fire hazard of common fire area of automobile is analyzed from three aspects: flame height peak and flame temperature peak. The results show that the order of fire risk is as follows: under the fuel tank, the tyre fuel tank (open tank) cockpit (sponge seat, providing basic reference data for power analysis of fire source. The time when the fire in the underground three-dimensional garage spread from the burning car to the surrounding car, The calculated results are compared with those obtained by Pyro Sim numerical simulation method. The results show that the two methods can predict the time of the fire vehicle spreading to the surrounding vehicle, and the numerical simulation results are more conservative, and the variation of heat radiation in each region can be analyzed in detail. The calculation formula is simple and can only be used in the case of fire in the lower parking space. The Markov chain stationary transfer probability model is used to analyze the process of the fire spreading from the fire car to the surrounding car in the underground parking garage. The results show that the Markov chain stationary transfer probability model can describe the process of the fire vehicle spreading to the surrounding car, and if there is no fire extinguishing measure, the probability of the fire car spreading to the surrounding car will increase with time. The multi-scene fire model of an underground garage was established by using Pyro Sim software to evaluate the fire control effect of automatic water spraying system and ventilation and smoke exhaust system. The simulation results show that the automatic water spraying system plays a key role in controlling the development of automobile fire in closed space and protecting the stability of the structure, while the traditional fixed pipe ventilation and smoke exhaust system, It has no significant effect on controlling fire spread and protecting structure stability. (5) the fire prevention and control countermeasures of underground stereoscopic garage are put forward from three aspects: building structure, fire protection facilities and safety management. It includes the design of building structure such as the type of garage, the fire resistance grade of the structure and the fire proof separation, the selection and arrangement of fire fighting facilities such as automatic fire alarm system, sprinkler system and ventilation and smoke exhaust system, and the safety of electric power in the garage, Emergency response system and other aspects of safety management, for underground three-dimensional garage fire safety planning and management to provide some reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U492.83;TU967

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