本文選題：海上污染事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制 + SWOT分析　； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),海上污染事故頻繁發(fā)生,對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境、人體健康、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和海洋資源所造成的巨大威脅和損害,引起了全世界的廣泛關(guān)注。海上污染事故一旦發(fā)生,需要調(diào)配各方資源實(shí)施應(yīng)急處置,盡快控制事態(tài)發(fā)展,以盡量減少其帶來(lái)的損失,保護(hù)海洋環(huán)境,保障海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 目前我國(guó)沿海發(fā)生海上污染事故的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不斷增加。近年來(lái),隨著我國(guó)石油化工業(yè)和航運(yùn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,航行于我國(guó)海域的石油、化學(xué)品船舶逐年增加,我國(guó)通航水域越加繁忙,與之相伴的船舶損害事故也逐年增加,發(fā)生海上船舶石油、化學(xué)品等污染事故的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在不斷增大。另外,為滿足石油及制品大量海上運(yùn)輸?shù)男枨?近年來(lái)中國(guó)沿海新建了多個(gè)30萬(wàn)噸級(jí)及以上的油碼頭,并在大型油碼頭周邊建設(shè)了包括國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略石油儲(chǔ)備基地在內(nèi)的石油儲(chǔ)庫(kù),這些石油儲(chǔ)庫(kù)一旦泄露,將導(dǎo)致大量原油泄漏入海,引發(fā)嚴(yán)重的海洋環(huán)境污染和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。必須采取有效的防治措施降低海上污染事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和影響,同時(shí)對(duì)海上污染事故的應(yīng)急工作也亟待加強(qiáng)。因此,研究分析國(guó)家與地方海上污染事故應(yīng)急工作機(jī)制整合面臨的情況,提出應(yīng)該采取的措施,具有重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文以國(guó)家與地方海上污染事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制整合為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)《1990年國(guó)際油污防備、反應(yīng)和合作公約》的有關(guān)要求,利用基于層次分析法的SWOT分析模型,對(duì)國(guó)家與地方海上污染事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制整合存在的優(yōu)勢(shì)、不足以及面臨的機(jī)會(huì)和挑戰(zhàn),進(jìn)行了定性和定量分析,并通過(guò)構(gòu)造判斷矩陣和進(jìn)行權(quán)重比較給出了整合應(yīng)選擇的實(shí)施戰(zhàn)略,即開拓型戰(zhàn)略(SO戰(zhàn)略)。本文根據(jù)分析情況,借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家比較完善有效的海上污染事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制,結(jié)合我國(guó)實(shí)際情況,提出了整合國(guó)家與地方海上污染事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制的建議。本文主要內(nèi)容包括：論文的研究背景和意義,相關(guān)公約、法規(guī)的主要內(nèi)容和要求,國(guó)內(nèi)外重大海上污染事故應(yīng)急管理工作的開展?fàn)顩r,整合國(guó)家與地方海上污染事故應(yīng)急機(jī)制的SWOT分析和建議研究等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, marine pollution accidents occur frequently, causing great threat and damage to ecological environment, human health, economic development and marine resources. Once the marine pollution accident occurs, it is necessary to allocate all kinds of resources to carry out emergency treatment, to control the situation as soon as possible, to minimize the losses caused by the accident, to protect the marine environment and to ensure the economic benefits of the sea. At present, the risk of marine pollution accidents along the coast of China is increasing. In recent years, with the development of petrochemical industry and shipping industry in our country, the number of oil and chemical vessels sailing in the sea area of our country is increasing year by year, the navigable waters of our country are getting busier and busier, and the damage accidents associated with them are also increasing year by year. The risk of pollution accidents such as oil and chemicals from ships on the sea is increasing. In addition, in order to meet the demand for large quantities of oil and products transported by sea, in recent years, several oil terminals of 300,000 tons or more have been built off the coast of China, and oil storage tanks, including the national strategic oil reserve base, have been built around large oil terminals. Once these oil reservoirs are leaked, a large amount of crude oil will leak into the sea, causing serious marine environmental pollution and economic losses. Effective preventive measures must be taken to reduce the risk and impact of marine pollution accidents, and the emergency work of marine pollution accidents should be strengthened. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study and analyze the situation faced by the integration of national and local emergency mechanisms of marine pollution accidents and put forward the measures to be taken. According to the requirements of the 1990 International Convention on Oil pollution Preparedness, response and Cooperation, this paper takes the integration of national and local marine pollution accident emergency mechanisms as the research object, and uses the SWOT analytical model based on the Analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges of the integration of national and local marine pollution accident emergency mechanisms are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. By constructing the judgment matrix and comparing the weights, this paper gives the implementation strategy that should be selected for integration, that is, the pioneering strategy and the so strategy. Based on the analysis of the situation, the paper draws lessons from the more perfect and effective emergency mechanism of marine pollution accidents in developed countries, and puts forward some suggestions for integrating the national and local emergency mechanisms of marine pollution accidents in combination with the actual situation in our country. The main contents of this paper include: the research background and significance of the paper, the relevant conventions, the main contents and requirements of laws and regulations, the status of emergency management of major marine pollution accidents at home and abroad, Integrate the SWOT analysis and suggestion research of national and local marine pollution accident emergency mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：U698.7

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