本文選題：高硫原油　切入點：硫化氫　出處：《中國石油大學(xué)（華東）》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著世界原油資源的逐漸枯竭，優(yōu)質(zhì)原油量越來越少，國內(nèi)進口劣質(zhì)原油的量也隨之增加。國內(nèi)煉廠為了提高經(jīng)濟效益，降低加工成本，也開始逐年增加劣質(zhì)原油的加工量，特別是高含硫原油的加工量逐年增加。這不僅給煉油設(shè)備帶來了挑戰(zhàn)，也直接影響作業(yè)人員的生命安全。為提高煉廠加工高硫原油的可靠性以及降低作業(yè)人員中毒風(fēng)險，本文根據(jù)硫遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律研究成果，重點分析了硫化氫來源、分布及危害，辨識出了硫化氫易發(fā)生泄漏的風(fēng)險點，以某煉化企業(yè)具體情況為例，辨識出典型煉化裝置硫化氫分布情況。為了便于煉廠對硫化氫泄漏有效的管理，采用事故樹方法對導(dǎo)致硫化氫泄漏的因素逐一排查，并結(jié)合煉廠工藝，編制出了能快速有效的查找硫化氫泄漏的系統(tǒng)化方法。 針對易發(fā)生硫化氫泄漏的風(fēng)險點，提出一套行之有效的硫化氫中毒風(fēng)險分級方法，該方法以硫化氫泄漏概率和泄漏后果為依據(jù)，采用層次分析法進行風(fēng)險分級，為便于高硫原油加工企業(yè)對硫化氫中毒進行有效的管理，結(jié)合分級結(jié)果，采用VB編程語言開發(fā)的一套單機版管理軟件。 為有效對硫化氫泄漏進行監(jiān)管，建立了一套硫化氫在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，根據(jù)對某煉廠的前期調(diào)研以及現(xiàn)場勘查，具體介紹了硫化氫監(jiān)測儀的布置，不同危險區(qū)域需要布置在線監(jiān)測儀的數(shù)量以及布置原則。針對加工高含硫原油的煉廠作業(yè)人員不同的工作性質(zhì)，，提出了不同的防硫化氫中毒的具體措施，對不同區(qū)域的作業(yè)人員制定了新的防護標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，確保作業(yè)人員在日常的作業(yè)中能有效的防止硫化氫的危害。另外，對硫化氫泄漏提出了具體的防護措施包括現(xiàn)場如何進行處理，人員如何進行救護。
[Abstract]:With the gradual depletion of crude oil resources in the world, the quantity of high quality crude oil is becoming less and less, and the quantity of domestic inferior crude oil is also increasing.In order to improve the economic benefit and reduce the processing cost, domestic refineries began to increase the processing quantity of inferior crude oil year by year, especially the processing quantity of high-sulfur crude oil.This not only brings challenges to refining equipment, but also directly affects the safety of operators.In order to improve the reliability of processing high sulfur crude oil in refineries and reduce the risk of poisoning of workers, the source, distribution and harm of hydrogen sulfide are analyzed in this paper according to the research results of sulfur migration and transformation law.The risk point of hydrogen sulfide leakage is identified, and the distribution of hydrogen sulfide in typical refining plant is identified by taking the specific situation of a refinery as an example.In order to facilitate the effective management of hydrogen sulfide leakage in refineries, an accident tree method was used to investigate the factors leading to hydrogen sulfide leakage one by one, and a systematic method to find hydrogen sulfide leakage quickly and effectively was developed in combination with the refinery process.Aiming at the risk point of hydrogen sulfide leakage, a set of effective risk classification method for hydrogen sulfide poisoning is put forward. The method is based on the leakage probability and consequence of hydrogen sulfide, and uses the analytic hierarchy process to classify the risk.In order to facilitate the effective management of hydrogen sulfide poisoning in high sulfur crude oil processing enterprises, a single computer management software was developed with VB programming language combined with the classification results.In order to supervise the hydrogen sulfide leakage effectively, an on-line monitoring system of hydrogen sulfide is established. According to the preliminary investigation and site investigation of a refinery, the arrangement of the hydrogen sulfide monitor is introduced in detail.The number of online monitors and the layout principles are required in different dangerous areas.In view of the different working properties of the workers of the refinery processing high sulfur crude oil, the specific measures to prevent hydrogen sulfide poisoning are put forward, and the new protection standards for the operators in different regions are formulated.To ensure that the operators can effectively prevent the harm of hydrogen sulfide in the daily operation.In addition, specific protection measures for hydrogen sulfide leakage are put forward, including how to deal with the site and how to rescue the personnel.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)（華東）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TE687

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