本文選題：鐵路　切入點(diǎn)：危化品　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入"新常態(tài)",經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度從高速增長轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹懈咚僭鲩L,但工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、市場化進(jìn)程的逐步推進(jìn),對于危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品仍有較大的市場需求,我國已成為全球第二大危化品生產(chǎn)和應(yīng)用國。在這種情況下,危化品物流需求增長迅速,隨之而來的是�；肺锪靼踩鹿实念l發(fā),給國家和社會(huì)帶來了嚴(yán)重的損失。鐵路作為我國交通運(yùn)輸體系的骨干,在危化品運(yùn)輸方面承擔(dān)著重要的責(zé)任。20世紀(jì)80年代中期,我國鐵路運(yùn)輸長期處于運(yùn)能緊張狀態(tài),許多大型企業(yè)紛紛購置自備車以滿足自身需求,在這二十多年的時(shí)間里,自備車已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為鐵路�；愤\(yùn)輸?shù)闹饕\(yùn)載工具,選擇合理的運(yùn)輸路徑,最大程度減少運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn),確保鐵路自備車�；愤\(yùn)輸安全,是鐵路運(yùn)輸部門的重點(diǎn)工作之一。因此,研究鐵路自備車�；愤\(yùn)輸路徑選擇問題對于提高鐵路危化品運(yùn)輸安全管理水平,提升鐵路的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,構(gòu)建綠色、環(huán)保、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的社會(huì)環(huán)境有重要意義。本論文在中國鐵路總公司相關(guān)科研項(xiàng)目的基礎(chǔ)上,通過實(shí)地調(diào)研和總結(jié)分析,對鐵路自備車危化品運(yùn)輸路徑選擇問題進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,論文主要研究成果如下:(1)在總結(jié)我國�；沸袠I(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合鐵路運(yùn)輸實(shí)際,闡述了鐵路自備車危化品運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展?fàn)顩r,歸納了路徑選擇問題的基本方法,并結(jié)合鐵路自備車的特點(diǎn),分析了鐵路自備車�；愤\(yùn)輸路徑選擇問題的影響因素及一般流程。(2)研究了�；愤\(yùn)輸路徑的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)度量方法,將安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)度量分為事故率及事故后果的確定兩部分,結(jié)合條件概率、二項(xiàng)分布、超幾何分布相關(guān)理論,確定了鐵路自備車危化品運(yùn)輸泄漏事故率的計(jì)算方法。從人員安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及環(huán)境安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)兩方面對鐵路自備車危化品運(yùn)輸路徑的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行度量。(3)針對多目標(biāo)規(guī)劃問題中不同目標(biāo)函數(shù)之間量綱及數(shù)量級不同的情況,使用了改進(jìn)后的線性加權(quán)法進(jìn)行處理,構(gòu)建了運(yùn)輸廣義費(fèi)用最小及人員安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最小的鐵路自備車危化品運(yùn)輸路徑選擇雙目標(biāo)規(guī)劃模型。(4)以沈陽鐵路局路網(wǎng)為基礎(chǔ),應(yīng)用本文構(gòu)建的多目標(biāo)鐵路自備車�；愤\(yùn)輸路徑選擇模型進(jìn)行液氯產(chǎn)品的路徑選擇案例分析,使用優(yōu)化軟件GAMS進(jìn)行模型求解,得到了液氯產(chǎn)品自備車運(yùn)輸路徑選擇方案,論證了方案的可用性及有效性。最后在鐵路自備車�；愤\(yùn)輸路徑已定的情況下,提出了降低鐵路自備車危化品運(yùn)輸安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的措施建議。
[Abstract]:At present, the economic development of our country has entered the "new normal", the economic growth rate has changed from the high speed growth to the medium high speed growth, but the industrialization, the informationization, the urbanization, the marketization advancement step by step, still has the big market demand for the dangerous chemicals.China has become the second most dangerous chemicals production and application country in the world.In this case, the demand for dangerous chemicals logistics is growing rapidly, followed by the frequent occurrence of dangerous chemicals logistics accidents, which has brought serious losses to the country and society.As the backbone of China's transportation system, railway plays an important role in the transportation of dangerous chemicals.Many large enterprises have purchased their own vehicles to meet their own needs. In the past 20 years or so, self-owned vehicles have developed into the main means of transport of dangerous chemicals on railways, choosing reasonable transportation routes and minimizing transportation risks.It is one of the key tasks of railway transportation department to ensure the transportation safety of dangerous chemicals.Therefore, it is of great significance to study the choice of transportation route for railway vehicles and dangerous chemicals in order to improve the level of transport safety management of railway dangerous chemicals, enhance the economic benefits of railway, and build a green, environmentally friendly and sustainable social environment.Based on the related scientific research projects of China Railway Corporation, this paper systematically studies the transportation route selection of dangerous chemicals on railway self-owned vehicles through field investigation and summary analysis.The main research results are as follows: (1) on the basis of summarizing the present situation of dangerous chemicals industry in China, combining with the actual situation of railway transportation, this paper expounds the development situation of dangerous chemicals transportation on railway self-contained vehicles, and sums up the basic methods of route selection.Combined with the characteristics of railway self-provided vehicles, this paper analyzes the influencing factors and general flow chart of the transportation route selection of dangerous chemicals for railway self-owned vehicles, and studies the safety risk measurement method of dangerous chemicals transportation routes.According to the theory of conditional probability, binomial distribution and hypergeometric distribution, the safety risk measurement is divided into two parts: accident rate and accident consequence.This paper measures the safety risk of transportation route of dangerous chemicals of railway self-owned vehicles from two aspects of personnel safety risk and environmental safety risk.) aiming at the different dimensions and orders of magnitude of different objective functions in multi-objective programming problem,The improved linear weighting method is used to construct the dual objective programming model of transportation route selection of dangerous chemicals for railway self-owned vehicles, which is based on the network of Shenyang Railway Administration, which has the minimum generalized cost and minimum risk of personnel safety.By using the multi-objective railway vehicle transport route selection model constructed in this paper to analyze the route selection of liquid chlorine products, the optimization software GAMS is used to solve the model, and the transportation route selection scheme of liquid chlorine self-owned vehicles is obtained.The availability and effectiveness of the scheme are demonstrated.Finally, under the condition that the transportation route of dangerous chemicals for railway self-owned vehicles has been determined, the measures to reduce the safety risk of transport of dangerous chemicals on railway self-owned vehicles are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U298.3;U294.15

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