本文選題：車(chē)用CNG氣瓶　切入點(diǎn)：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),我國(guó)許多城市出現(xiàn)大范圍、長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的霧霾天氣,引發(fā)公眾對(duì)空氣污染的強(qiáng)烈關(guān)注,國(guó)家相關(guān)部門(mén)也在采取相關(guān)措施降低污染程度。天氣惡劣除了與當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)發(fā)展有關(guān)外,還與車(chē)輛尾氣排放物增多密切相關(guān)。因此,以天然氣為燃料的汽車(chē),因其尾氣有害物質(zhì)排放量可大大減少的優(yōu)點(diǎn)逐漸被大眾所接受,CNG汽車(chē)越來(lái)越多。但是,隨著CNG汽車(chē)的增多,大眾也意識(shí)到CNG氣瓶安全性也不容忽視,前些年,發(fā)生了許多CNG汽車(chē)火災(zāi)爆炸事故,多數(shù)是由于氣瓶原因造成,使人們對(duì)CNG汽車(chē)望而卻步。 車(chē)用CNG氣瓶屬于高壓容器,加上容器內(nèi)的介質(zhì)屬于易燃易爆氣體,一旦發(fā)生事故,后果不容忽視。同時(shí)由于氣瓶長(zhǎng)時(shí)間處于運(yùn)行狀態(tài),可能會(huì)遭遇各種各樣的外來(lái)因素。因此,本文通過(guò)查閱了相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)以及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研,認(rèn)真對(duì)車(chē)用CNG氣瓶事故可能性進(jìn)行分析,建立了車(chē)用CNG氣瓶事故樹(shù),根據(jù)事故樹(shù)的最小割集和結(jié)構(gòu)重要度,辨識(shí)出車(chē)用CNG氣瓶事故可能性的主要因素；通過(guò)歸納分析,將車(chē)用CNG氣瓶事故可能性因素分為氣瓶本體質(zhì)量、工況因素、安全因素和外來(lái)因素四大方面,建立車(chē)用CNG氣瓶事故可能性指標(biāo)體系；運(yùn)用網(wǎng)絡(luò)層次分析法(ANP)計(jì)算各指標(biāo)體系權(quán)重,然后根據(jù)權(quán)重對(duì)各指標(biāo)賦值,參照相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),確定車(chē)用CNG氣瓶事故可能性等級(jí)劃分。由于氣瓶事故后果包括火災(zāi)和爆炸,由于爆炸造成的危害較大,本文主要針對(duì)爆炸后果進(jìn)行分析,爆炸又可分為物理爆炸和蒸氣云爆炸(VEC),本文利用TNT當(dāng)量法計(jì)算氣瓶爆炸后果,參照交通事故后果等級(jí)劃分原則,確定車(chē)用CNG氣瓶事故后果等級(jí)劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)車(chē)用CNG氣瓶事故可能性和事故等級(jí)劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),建立車(chē)用CNG氣瓶事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)矩陣。以成都市某出租車(chē)氣瓶舉例分析,得到該氣瓶事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)為較高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)車(chē)用CNG氣瓶事故可能性指標(biāo)體系各因素以及后果提出車(chē)用CNG氣瓶事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理方案。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a large scale and long time haze weather has appeared in many cities in China, which has aroused strong public concern on air pollution, and the relevant government departments are also taking relevant measures to reduce the degree of pollution.The bad weather is not only related to the development of current economic construction, but also closely related to the increase of vehicle exhaust emissions.Therefore, CNG vehicles with natural gas as fuel have been accepted more and more by the public because of the advantage that their emissions of harmful substances can be greatly reduced.However, with the increase of CNG vehicles, the public also realized that the safety of CNG cylinders should not be ignored. In the past few years, a lot of fire and explosion accidents occurred in CNG vehicles, most of them were caused by the reasons of gas cylinders, which made people put off CNG vehicles.The vehicle CNG cylinder belongs to the high pressure vessel, and the medium in the container belongs to flammable and explosive gas. Once the accident occurs, the consequence can not be ignored.At the same time, because the cylinder is in operation for a long time, it may encounter a variety of external factors.Therefore, through consulting relevant documents and field investigation, this paper analyzes the possibility of vehicle CNG cylinder accident seriously, and establishes the vehicle CNG cylinder accident tree, according to the minimum cut set and structure importance degree of the accident tree.The main factors of the accident possibility of vehicle CNG cylinder are identified, and the possibility factors of vehicle CNG cylinder accident are classified into four aspects: cylinder bulk quality, operating condition factor, safety factor and external factor by inductive analysis.The possibility index system of vehicle CNG cylinder accident is established, and the weight of each index system is calculated by using the network analytic hierarchy process (AHP). According to the weight of each index, the classification of the possibility of vehicle CNG cylinder accident is determined according to the relevant literature.Since the consequences of the gas cylinder accident include fire and explosion, because of the great harm caused by the explosion, this paper mainly analyzes the explosion consequences, which can be divided into physical explosion and vapor cloud explosion. In this paper, the TNT equivalent method is used to calculate the explosion consequences of the gas cylinder.According to the principle of traffic accident consequence classification, the classification standard of vehicle CNG cylinder accident consequence grade is determined.According to the criterion of accident possibility and grade of CNG cylinder for vehicle, the accident risk matrix of CNG cylinder for vehicle is established.A case study of a taxi cylinder in Chengdu shows that the accident risk grade of the gas cylinder is higher.According to the factors and consequences of the possibility index system of vehicle CNG cylinder accident, the risk management scheme of vehicle CNG cylinder accident is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U492.8;U469.7

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