本文選題：干式鉆孔　切入點(diǎn)：產(chǎn)塵機(jī)理　出處：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：2016年我國(guó)能源結(jié)構(gòu)雖已經(jīng)調(diào)整,新能源占比不斷增大,但其新能源的普及應(yīng)用仍需時(shí)日。同時(shí),我國(guó)能源特點(diǎn)是煤資源多,這就決定了煤炭在我國(guó)消費(fèi)能源中占主體。綜上,煤炭在未來(lái)幾年內(nèi)仍是重要的消費(fèi)能源。隨著煤炭開(kāi)采深度的加深,煤與瓦斯突出現(xiàn)象越來(lái)越常見(jiàn)。預(yù)防突出現(xiàn)象的常用且十分有效的措施是在煤層中實(shí)施瓦斯抽采。但瓦斯抽采的前期工作是需要在煤層或穿過(guò)煤層施工大量鉆孔,鉆孔施工有濕式和干式作業(yè)兩種形式,干式鉆孔作業(yè)相對(duì)于濕式鉆孔技術(shù)具有成孔率高、用水量少、不會(huì)濕潤(rùn)和軟化煤體等優(yōu)點(diǎn),故在煤巷鉆孔施工中被廣泛采用。但煤巷干式鉆孔施工的致命弱點(diǎn)是產(chǎn)生大量粉(煤)塵,因此,開(kāi)展煤巷干式鉆孔施工粉(煤)塵的收集與除塵控制技術(shù)研究是煤礦當(dāng)前急需解決的技術(shù)問(wèn)題之一。首先通過(guò)理論分析,闡述了干式鉆孔施工過(guò)程中鉆進(jìn)機(jī)理、產(chǎn)塵影響因素以及孔口粉塵的受力情況,明確鉆進(jìn)產(chǎn)生的粉塵特性與運(yùn)動(dòng)特點(diǎn),提出干式鉆孔的集塵措施;其次,通過(guò)BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型建立了干式鉆孔孔口粉塵率預(yù)測(cè)模型,結(jié)合淮北祁南煤礦、淮北袁店一井等進(jìn)行模型的學(xué)習(xí)訓(xùn)練和驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明建立的預(yù)測(cè)模型與實(shí)際情況相吻合;最后,通過(guò)分析煤層鉆孔方式以及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研干式鉆孔集塵除塵設(shè)備,初步設(shè)計(jì)制造出了煤巷干式鉆孔施工防突、集塵、排渣一體化裝置。通過(guò)對(duì)煤巷干式鉆孔產(chǎn)塵機(jī)理與控塵技術(shù)的相關(guān)研究,可以得到如下結(jié)論:(1)煤巷干式鉆孔施工中粉塵主要來(lái)源于鉆頭鉆進(jìn)過(guò)程中不斷對(duì)煤體的破碎。(2)通過(guò)對(duì)煤巷干式鉆孔鉆進(jìn)機(jī)理分析,可以得到煤巷干式鉆孔過(guò)程中產(chǎn)塵的影響因素,包括施工人員的認(rèn)知水平和操作技術(shù)水準(zhǔn)、煤體的硬度(堅(jiān)硬度系數(shù))、綜合性指標(biāo)、含水率以及可表征鉆機(jī)的工作狀態(tài)參數(shù)特點(diǎn)的固氣比。(3)通過(guò)分布函數(shù)Rosin-Rammler可知均勻性指數(shù)為1.0599,表明了祁南煤礦煤巷干式鉆孔施工過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生粉塵的分散度較大,細(xì)小粒徑的粉塵占比越多,其危害性越大且不易被捕獲。粉塵的分散度可從整體上說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生粉塵粒徑的分布特性。粉塵的比表面積和粒度不僅衡量了粉塵的細(xì)小特性,而且可以表明粉塵的物理化學(xué)活性特點(diǎn),同時(shí)比表面積和粒度成反比,比表面積越大,粒徑越小,粉塵活性越大;粉塵密度大小是選取除塵設(shè)備類(lèi)型的依據(jù)之一。(4)建立的煤巷干式鉆孔孔口產(chǎn)塵率BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)測(cè)模型可以說(shuō)明孔口產(chǎn)塵率與煤體硬度、含水率、綜合粉碎性指標(biāo)和固氣比之間具有非線(xiàn)性關(guān)系。(5)研究煤巷干式鉆孔孔口粉塵在巷道中的擴(kuò)散運(yùn)動(dòng),并且建立了孔口粉塵在巷道中擴(kuò)散模型及巷道中任意一處的擴(kuò)散濃度方程。該擴(kuò)散濃度方程是三維空間巷道中三個(gè)方向上三個(gè)相互獨(dú)立且服從正態(tài)分布隨機(jī)變量的聯(lián)合分布函數(shù)。(6)根據(jù)風(fēng)幕原理進(jìn)行孔口密封性的設(shè)計(jì),同時(shí)在鉆桿鉆口上設(shè)計(jì)防突板,最后將破碎的粉塵收集到可抽動(dòng)的收集箱內(nèi),而依據(jù)噴霧除塵原理在集塵箱進(jìn)行多次降塵,相應(yīng)地設(shè)計(jì)制造了一個(gè)新型干式鉆孔集塵除塵裝置。
[Abstract]:2016 China's energy structure has been adjusted, new energy accounted for the increase, but the popularization and application of new energy still takes time. At the same time, the characteristics of China's energy resources are coal, which determines the coal dominant energy consumption in our country. Therefore, coal is still in the next few years an important consumer energy. With coal mining depth, coal and gas outburst phenomenon is more and more common. The common phenomenon of outburst prevention and effective measures is the implementation of gas in coal seam gas drainage. But the prophase work of mining is the need to pass through the construction of large amount of coal seam in coal seam or a wet and dry operation in two forms drilling construction, dry drilling technology is relative to the wet drilling hole rate is high, with less water, not wet and soften coal and other advantages, it is widely used in Coal Roadway Drilling Construction. But the construction of coal roadway caused by dry drilling Life is a weakness resulting in a large number of powder dust (coal), therefore, to carry out Coal Roadway Drilling dry powder (coal) dust collection and dust control technology is one of the technical problems of coal mine urgent. Firstly, through theoretical analysis, elaborated the drilling mechanism of dry drilling process, dust production factors and orifice dust the stress characteristics and movement characteristics of dust, clear drilling production, put forward measures of dust collecting dry drilling; secondly, the BP neural network model of dry hole drilling dust rate prediction model is established, combined with Huaibei Qinan Coal Mine, the training and validation of model wells Huaibei Yuan Dian Yi, the result shows that the model the building is consistent with the actual situation; finally, through the analysis of coal seam drilling mode and field study of dry drilling dust removal equipment, preliminary design and manufacture the outburst of drill hole construction of coal roadway for dry dust, Deslagging device. Through the research on the integration and control of coal roadway dust production mechanism of dust dry drilling technology, we can get the following conclusions: (1) dust dry drilling in coal roadway mainly from drilling to continuously broken coal process. (2) based on the dry coal roadway drilling hole drilling mechanism analysis. You can get the impact factor of coal roadway drilling process middle dry dust, including construction of the cognitive level and operation level, coal hardness (hardness coefficient), comprehensive index, water content and the characteristics of working state parameters can characterize the rig the solid gas ratio. (3) through the uniform distribution function Rosin-Rammler index is 1.0599, that of large scattered dust produced in Qinan Coal Mine Roadway dry drilling process, fine particle size of the dust accounted for more, the greater the danger and not easy to be captured. The dispersion of the dust from the whole The distribution of the characteristics of dust particle size of dust. The specific surface area and small size not only to measure the characteristics of dust, but also can show that the physical and chemical characteristics of dust activity, while the specific surface area and particle size is inversely proportional to the specific surface area is larger, the smaller the particle size, the greater the activity of dust; dust density is one of the selected types of dust removal equipment basis. (4) the establishment of coal roadway dry hole drilling production prediction model can explain the orifice dust rate and the hardness of coal dust, water content rate of BP neural network, comprehensive index of comminuted and solid gas ratio between the non linear relationship. (5) the diffusion motion of dry coal roadway the dust hole drilling in tunnel, diffusion concentration equation and the establishment of the orifice dust diffusion model and an arbitrary tunnel in the tunnel. The diffusion concentration equation of three-dimensional space in roadway three in three directions of independent and obey The joint distribution function of the normal distribution of random variables. (6) of the design according to the principle of air curtain seal orifices, and design the outburst in drill hole, the broken dust collection to the collection box and tic, based on the principle of spray dust in the dust collecting box of secondary dust, corresponding design and manufacture of a new type of dry drilling dust removal device.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD714.4

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