本文選題：礦井水資源化　切入點(diǎn)：管式膜　出處：《山東科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),我國(guó)煤炭開(kāi)采一直是以犧牲礦區(qū)環(huán)境為代價(jià)。隨著我國(guó)煤炭產(chǎn)量的不斷增加,煤炭開(kāi)采所帶來(lái)的環(huán)境問(wèn)題愈加突出,其中水資源的破壞問(wèn)題最為明顯,也最為敏感,因?yàn)槲覈?guó)大部分礦區(qū)分布在中西部干旱半干旱地區(qū)。此外,傳統(tǒng)采煤理論強(qiáng)調(diào)了礦井水的災(zāi)害性,而忽略了水的資源性,并把水作為災(zāi)害的根源加以處理,“疏干”、“排水”等礦井防治水方法不僅造成大量水資源浪費(fèi),而且有害的地下水還會(huì)導(dǎo)致次生的污染。因此,礦井水的資源化再利用變得迫在眉睫。本文介紹了現(xiàn)行的礦井水循環(huán)利用的方法。首先將礦井水抽至地面,在地面的水處理站通過(guò)絮凝沉淀,砂-碳過(guò)濾及超濾和反滲透工藝進(jìn)行凈化處理后再返回到井下進(jìn)行利用。該工藝具有管路冗長(zhǎng)復(fù)雜,能耗高,加藥量大,運(yùn)行成本高,防爆性差,大量占據(jù)地上空間的缺點(diǎn),因此,探索礦井水資源化利用的新工藝、新方法、新材料便成了煤炭工業(yè)節(jié)能減排與可持續(xù)發(fā)展的新目標(biāo)。本文提出采用管式膜(TMF)預(yù)處理,用膜蒸餾(MD)工藝進(jìn)行深度凈化的工藝。且該工藝設(shè)備全部采用壓縮空氣作為動(dòng)力,無(wú)需防爆,模塊化,根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)產(chǎn)地及水質(zhì)要求,可拆零至工作面單獨(dú)處理,也可拼裝至井底水倉(cāng)進(jìn)行綜合治理,節(jié)省空間,無(wú)需提升至地面,節(jié)省電能,無(wú)需加藥,運(yùn)行成本低,處理水質(zhì)高,完全可以回用至工作面,不僅可以提供工人的飲用水,還可為井下設(shè)備提供乳化液配置水等。設(shè)備整體使用壽命長(zhǎng),運(yùn)行成本低,一個(gè)工作面完成可搬遷至另一工作面。由于用于膜蒸餾的疏水多孔膜,在膜污染的情況下容易導(dǎo)致膜孔被潤(rùn)濕,從而使得膜面變得親水化,使得水質(zhì)變差。本文提出采用聚氨酯材料制作致密無(wú)孔膜用作膜蒸餾,致密膜可從根本上解決膜孔被潤(rùn)濕的問(wèn)題,此外,聚氨酯材料獨(dú)特的微相分離構(gòu)造,可以加速水分子的透過(guò)速度,提高膜的水通量。為了進(jìn)一步提高膜的水通量,本文還提出采用親水性沸石與聚氨酯高分子材料復(fù)合制得致密薄膜用于膜蒸餾。親水性沸石的孔徑只允許水分子通過(guò),而將其他鹽類(lèi)的分子阻止在外,配合聚氨酯膜的微相分離構(gòu)造,在保證足夠高的鹽分阻止率的前提下,可以大大提高該膜的水通量,是一種較有發(fā)展前景的膜材料。
[Abstract]:For a long time, coal mining in China has been at the expense of mining environment. With the increasing of coal production in China, the environmental problems caused by coal mining have become more and more prominent, among which the destruction of water resources is the most obvious and sensitive. Because most of the mining areas in China are distributed in arid and semi-arid areas of the central and western regions. In addition, the traditional coal mining theory emphasizes the disaster of mine water, while neglecting the resources of water. And treat the water as the source of the disaster, "dredge", "drain" and other mine water prevention methods not only cause a large amount of water resources waste, but also harmful groundwater will lead to secondary pollution. The reuse of mine water becomes urgent. This paper introduces the current method of recycling mine water. Firstly, the mine water is pumped to the ground and flocculated and precipitated at the water treatment station on the ground. Sand carbon filtration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis process are cleaned up and then returned to underground for use. The process has the disadvantages of long and complicated pipeline, high energy consumption, high dosage, high running cost, poor explosion-proof, and a large amount of space occupied on the ground. Therefore, exploring the new technology, new method and new material of mine water resource utilization has become the new goal of energy saving and emission reduction and sustainable development of coal industry. The process of deep purification with membrane distillation (MD) process. The process equipment uses compressed air as the power, no explosion protection, modularization, according to the field production area and water quality requirements, can be removed to the face of separate treatment, It can also be assembled to the bottom of the well for comprehensive treatment, saving space, no need to raise to the ground, saving electricity, no need to add medicine, low operating cost, high treatment quality, and can be completely reused to the working face, not only to provide workers with drinking water, The whole equipment has long service life, low operating cost, one working face can be moved to another face. Because of the hydrophobic porous membrane used in membrane distillation, In the case of membrane fouling, the membrane pore is easily wetted, which makes the membrane surface hydrophilic and makes the water quality worse. In this paper, a dense porous membrane made of polyurethane is used as membrane distillation. In addition, the unique microphase separation structure of polyurethane material can accelerate the permeation speed of water molecules and increase the water flux of membrane. In order to further increase the water flux of the membrane, the densified membrane can fundamentally solve the problem of wetting the membrane pore. It is also proposed that the dense membrane prepared by the combination of hydrophilic zeolite and polyurethane polymer material can be used in membrane distillation. The pore size of hydrophilic zeolite is only allowed to pass by water molecules, while other salt molecules are blocked out. Combined with the micro-phase separation structure of polyurethane membrane, the water flux of the membrane can be greatly increased under the premise of ensuring a sufficient salt retention rate. It is a promising membrane material.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD74;TB383.2

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