本文選題：大型LNG儲(chǔ)罐　切入點(diǎn)：安全性分析　出處：《首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著天然氣產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,多座接收站用大型LNG儲(chǔ)罐正在沿海地區(qū)服役及興建。我國大型LNG儲(chǔ)罐建造技術(shù)剛剛起步,各相關(guān)規(guī)范正在建立與完善階段。介于LNG儲(chǔ)罐存儲(chǔ)容量大、存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)危險(xiǎn)、存儲(chǔ)條件特殊等原因,對(duì)儲(chǔ)罐運(yùn)行過程中的安全性分析與檢驗(yàn)、監(jiān)控方面的研究亟待深入。 本文對(duì)典型16萬立方米LNG全容儲(chǔ)罐結(jié)構(gòu)、安全性及檢驗(yàn)監(jiān)控方法進(jìn)行研究： (1)儲(chǔ)罐安全性分析 儲(chǔ)罐事故類型包括火災(zāi)、爆炸、窒息、冷爆炸等,利用ALOHA軟件模擬儲(chǔ)罐結(jié)構(gòu)失效后果發(fā)現(xiàn)儲(chǔ)罐發(fā)生火災(zāi)爆炸事故的后果最為嚴(yán)重。從內(nèi)部因素、外部因素及點(diǎn)火源三個(gè)方面分析引起儲(chǔ)罐事故的危險(xiǎn)因素,采用FTA方法分析儲(chǔ)罐火災(zāi)爆炸事故的原因事件并進(jìn)行重要度排序,得出引起火災(zāi)爆炸事故的17個(gè)基本事件中與監(jiān)控、檢驗(yàn)效果有關(guān)的基本事件重要度最高,其次為與儲(chǔ)罐結(jié)構(gòu)完整性相關(guān)的其他基本事件。 (2)儲(chǔ)罐有限元分析 利用ANSYS有限元軟件分析儲(chǔ)罐結(jié)構(gòu)的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。分析了9%Ni鋼內(nèi)罐LNG充裝滿罐、半罐和空罐三種情況,得出內(nèi)罐最下層壁板的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變最為集中。對(duì)混凝土外罐進(jìn)行靜力與地震慣性力加載分析,因拉應(yīng)力對(duì)預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土外壁結(jié)構(gòu)影響較大,最大拉應(yīng)力集中出現(xiàn)在儲(chǔ)罐外壁與罐頂結(jié)合部位的環(huán)方向以及安全停機(jī)地震時(shí)罐壁底側(cè)的豎向上。得出混凝土罐壁底側(cè)、罐頂下沿的強(qiáng)度需要重點(diǎn)監(jiān)測與檢驗(yàn),內(nèi)罐最下層底板在正常工作條件下應(yīng)進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)監(jiān)控檢驗(yàn)的結(jié)論。 (3)檢驗(yàn)監(jiān)控方法研究 大型LNG全容儲(chǔ)罐在正常運(yùn)行階段不能進(jìn)行開罐檢驗(yàn),只能進(jìn)行在線檢驗(yàn),對(duì)儲(chǔ)罐的檢驗(yàn)包括：內(nèi)襯鋼板預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)外罐應(yīng)采用超聲回彈綜合法檢驗(yàn)混凝土強(qiáng)度；預(yù)應(yīng)力水平利用形變壓力測讀與預(yù)應(yīng)力筋強(qiáng)度監(jiān)測的方法檢測；內(nèi)罐與外罐內(nèi)襯鋼板的腐蝕程度應(yīng)采用聲發(fā)射檢驗(yàn)等。針對(duì)所分析儲(chǔ)罐危險(xiǎn)因素分析了大型LNG儲(chǔ)罐的監(jiān)控方法,監(jiān)控內(nèi)容包括內(nèi)部壓力監(jiān)控,LNG分層趨勢的監(jiān)控,液位監(jiān)控以及火災(zāi)監(jiān)控等。利用RBI技術(shù)可對(duì)LNG儲(chǔ)罐檢驗(yàn)部位、方法和周期進(jìn)行決策和優(yōu)化,并可實(shí)現(xiàn)降低儲(chǔ)罐控制閥門等監(jiān)控設(shè)施失效風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的目的。
[Abstract]:With the development of natural gas industry, large LNG tanks used in many receiving stations are in service and construction in coastal areas. The construction technology of large LNG tanks in China is just beginning, and the relevant specifications are being established and perfected. Because of the danger of storage medium and the special storage condition, the research on safety analysis and inspection and monitoring of storage tank is urgently needed. In this paper, the structure, safety, inspection and monitoring methods of a typical 160000 cubic meter LNG full capacity storage tank are studied. Safety analysis of storage tank. The types of tank accidents include fire, explosion, asphyxiation, cold explosion and so on. Using ALOHA software to simulate the consequences of tank structure failure, it is found that the consequences of tank fire and explosion accidents are the most serious. The external factors and ignition sources are used to analyze the dangerous factors causing the tank accidents, and the FTA method is used to analyze the cause events of the tank fire and explosion accidents and to rank the importance of the accidents. The 17 basic events causing the fire and explosion accidents and their monitoring are obtained. The importance of the basic events related to the inspection effect is the highest, followed by other basic events related to the structural integrity of the tank. Finite element analysis of storage tank. ANSYS finite element software is used to analyze the weak links of the storage tank structure. The LNG filling tank, half tank and empty tank of 9%Ni steel inner tank are analyzed. It is concluded that the stress and strain of the bottom wall of the inner tank are the most concentrated. The static and seismic inertial force loading analysis of the concrete outer tank is carried out because the tensile stress has a great influence on the prestressed concrete outer wall structure. The maximum tensile stress concentration occurs in the annular direction of the joint between the outer wall of the tank and the top of the tank and the vertical elevation of the bottom side of the tank wall during the safe shutdown earthquake. It is concluded that the strength of the bottom side of the concrete tank wall and the bottom edge of the tank roof need to be monitored and checked. The conclusion that the bottom plate of the inner tank should be monitored and inspected under normal working conditions. Research on Inspection and Monitoring method. Large LNG full capacity storage tank can not be opened in normal operation, but can only be tested on line. The inspection of storage tank includes: the ultrasonic rebound comprehensive method should be used to test the strength of concrete in the external tank of prestressed concrete structure with steel plate lining; The pre-stress level is measured by deformation pressure reading and the strength of prestressing tendons is monitored, the corrosion degree of inner and outer tank lining steel plates should be examined by acoustic emission test, and the monitoring method of large LNG storage tank is analyzed in view of the risk factors of the tank analyzed, and the corrosion degree of the inner lining steel plate of the inner and outer tank should be examined by acoustic emission test. The monitoring contents include internal pressure monitoring, liquid level monitoring and fire monitoring, etc. RBI technology can be used to make decision and optimize the inspection position, method and period of LNG storage tank. The purpose of reducing the failure risk of tank control valves and other monitoring facilities can be achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X937;TE88

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