本文選題：元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：行人流疏散　出處：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地鐵作為新一代公共交通方式，以其便利快捷、受外界影響少、準(zhǔn)時(shí)準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)等特點(diǎn)受到越來(lái)越多出行者的青睞，這使得越來(lái)越多的城市開(kāi)始大力發(fā)展城市地鐵來(lái)滿足出行者不斷選擇地鐵作為出行方式的需求。因此如果在相對(duì)狹小封閉的地鐵車站中發(fā)生緊急災(zāi)害，確保行人安全的疏散逃生就顯得至關(guān)重要。基于此本文主要對(duì)北京典型地鐵站的行人流應(yīng)急疏散過(guò)程進(jìn)行模擬，并研究其主要的動(dòng)力學(xué)及結(jié)構(gòu)特征。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)典型情況下行人流疏散過(guò)程研究已經(jīng)取得了一定的成果，但是對(duì)于特殊的行人特性則涉獵較少，因此本文在現(xiàn)有的成果基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行了以下內(nèi)容： 詳細(xì)介紹了疏散時(shí)間的計(jì)算和要求、疏散過(guò)程中行人的心理行為，簡(jiǎn)要概括了地鐵站建設(shè)規(guī)范中對(duì)于行人安全部分的重要結(jié)論，分析了行人流疏散中應(yīng)用的理論基礎(chǔ)和典型模型及其建模過(guò)程，討論了幾個(gè)重點(diǎn)模型的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)以及相互之間的聯(lián)系，為建立行人流疏散模型提供理論依據(jù)。 在總結(jié)分析地鐵站結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和行人流模型優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，針對(duì)地鐵站的特殊性和一般情況下的客流組織方法，以元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)理論為基礎(chǔ)，建立考慮行人親情互助行為、出口選擇變化的行人流疏散模型。其中明確指出了在分別考慮這兩種行人心理情況時(shí)的躍遷規(guī)則，并單獨(dú)對(duì)檢票口局部區(qū)域進(jìn)行分析，建立了在被檢票機(jī)分割的區(qū)域中的特殊躍遷規(guī)則，，最終確定了行人在局部區(qū)域中的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式。 以文中建立的行人疏散模型為基礎(chǔ)，借助仿真軟件，以北京地鐵典型車站為背景，確定行人的躍遷規(guī)則和仿真物理空間，通過(guò)仿真軟件直觀地模擬了行人流在考慮親情互助行為、行人出口選擇變化時(shí)的疏散過(guò)程，進(jìn)一步對(duì)疏散過(guò)程中的特殊現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了相關(guān)描述。結(jié)果表明仿真軟件能夠很好的表現(xiàn)出本文創(chuàng)建的考慮親情互助行為、出口選擇變化的行人流疏散模型并同時(shí)能夠較好的表現(xiàn)行人流的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況。 本文研究建立的行人流疏散元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)模型在現(xiàn)有模型的基礎(chǔ)上增加了一定行人心理因素和特殊行為的描述，對(duì)于真實(shí)反應(yīng)行人流疏散過(guò)程，提高地鐵站安全水平具有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:As a new generation of public transportation, subway is favored by more and more travelers because of its convenience and speed, less influence from outside, punctual punctuality and so on. As a result, more and more cities are beginning to develop urban subways to meet the needs of travelers who continue to choose the subway as a means of travelling. Therefore, if an emergency occurs in relatively small, enclosed subway stations, It is very important to ensure the safe evacuation of pedestrians. Based on this, the emergency evacuation process of pedestrian flow in typical subway stations in Beijing is simulated in this paper. The main dynamic and structural characteristics are also studied. Some achievements have been made by domestic and foreign scholars in the study of the downlink evacuation process in typical situations, but the special pedestrian characteristics are seldom studied. Therefore, based on the existing results, this paper carries out the following contents:. This paper introduces in detail the calculation and requirement of evacuation time, the psychological behavior of pedestrians during evacuation, and briefly summarizes the important conclusions of pedestrian safety in subway station construction code. This paper analyzes the theoretical basis and typical models of pedestrian evacuation and their modeling process, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of several key models and their relations with each other, and provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of pedestrian evacuation models. On the basis of summing up and analyzing the characteristics of subway station structure and the advantages and disadvantages of pedestrian flow model, aiming at the particularity of subway station and the general method of passenger flow organization, based on the theory of cellular automata, the behavior of pedestrian affection and mutual assistance is established. A pedestrian flow evacuation model with changing exit selection. The transition rules are pointed out when the two pedestrian psychological conditions are taken into account respectively, and the local area of ticket entrance is analyzed separately. A special transition rule is established in the area divided by the ticket-checking machine, and the movement mode of the pedestrian in the local area is finally determined. Based on the pedestrian evacuation model established in this paper, with the aid of simulation software and taking typical subway stations in Beijing as the background, the rules of pedestrian transition and the simulation physical space are determined. The evacuation process of pedestrian flow is simulated intuitively by simulation software when considering the behavior of kinship and mutual help and the change of pedestrian exit choice. The results show that the simulation software can well show the behavior of considering the relationship and mutual help created in this paper. The pedestrian evacuation model with variable exit selection can also better represent the movement of pedestrian flow. In this paper, the cellular automata model of pedestrian evacuation is established. Based on the existing models, a description of pedestrian psychological factors and special behavior is added. Improving the safety level of subway station has certain reference significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：U293.6;U298;TP301.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 岳昊;基于元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)的行人流仿真模型研究[D];北京交通大學(xué);2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 黃志德;基于元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)的行人流疏散模擬研究[D];廣西師范大學(xué);2010年

本文編號(hào)：1632219