發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-11 14:09

  本文選題：1-溴丙烷　切入點(diǎn)：氣相色譜法　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1-溴丙烷(1-Bromopropane,1-BP)主要用于生產(chǎn)噴霧粘合劑、精密儀器的清洗劑和脫脂劑,也用作制藥產(chǎn)業(yè)、殺蟲劑和季胺類化合物合成的中間體。隨著國際社會對氟氯昂類化合物的禁止生產(chǎn)和使用,1-BP被廣泛用作其替代物,生產(chǎn)和使用量在世界范圍內(nèi)逐年增長。我國作為1-BP生產(chǎn)大國,暴露于1-BP的人群隨著產(chǎn)量和使用量的增加而逐年增長。1-BP對人體具有多種毒作用。動物實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示,1-BP具有神經(jīng)毒性、生殖和發(fā)育毒性和致癌性等多種毒作用。人群調(diào)查和多起病例報(bào)告也提示,長期接觸1-BP可能會導(dǎo)致中樞和外周神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)病變,血液和生化系統(tǒng)以及肝臟病變。我國目前尚未制定1-BP職業(yè)接觸限值,本次研究基于實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究結(jié)果和職業(yè)現(xiàn)場調(diào)查,綜合相關(guān)研究成果,為制定我國1-BP職業(yè)接觸限值和規(guī)范實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測方法提供依據(jù)。 為測定工作場所空氣中1-BP,我們建立了氣相色譜-氫火焰離子化檢測法(GC-FID),采用SPB-1色譜柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm),使用程序升溫法,以N2為載氣,進(jìn)行分流進(jìn)樣。用主動式采樣器連結(jié)活性炭管采集工作場所空氣中1-BP,經(jīng)二硫化碳溶劑解吸,以保留時(shí)間定性,以峰面積定量。我們對該方法的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了檢驗(yàn)。檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,該方法能夠有效分離1-BP和常見污染物2-BP,線性范圍廣,相關(guān)系數(shù)R2=0.9996,可檢測空氣中1-BP最低濃度為0.08mg/m3(以采集3L空氣樣本計(jì))。批間和批內(nèi)相對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差RSD10%,加標(biāo)回收率介于95%-105%之間,解吸效率90%,常溫下保存,第五天下降率10%,穿透容量大于1.75mg。.該方法滿足GBZ/T210.4-2008《工作場所空氣中化學(xué)物質(zhì)測定方法》的要求,適用于工作場所空氣中1-BP的測定。 為了解1-BP職業(yè)接觸與工人健康之間的關(guān)系,我們對某1-BP生產(chǎn)企業(yè)進(jìn)行了職業(yè)衛(wèi)生調(diào)查。收集企業(yè)生產(chǎn)信息,掌握1-BP生產(chǎn)流程,收集1-BP工廠工人的職業(yè)史及個人基本信息,采用定點(diǎn)采樣和個體采樣方法監(jiān)測環(huán)境和個體暴露水平。收集先前的各種健康監(jiān)護(hù)資料,分析1-BP暴露和工人健康效應(yīng)之間關(guān)系。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示該職業(yè)場所廣泛存在1-BP,最高檢測濃度達(dá)153.08mg/m3,精餾房處檢測濃度幾何均數(shù)最高,為43.62mg/m3,非1-BP生產(chǎn)區(qū)域也可檢測到最低1.95mg/m3的環(huán)境濃度。個體暴露水平在主動采樣和被動采樣之間無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異p0.10)。健康監(jiān)護(hù)資料顯示,目前1-BP暴露工人健康狀況良好。此次職業(yè)衛(wèi)生調(diào)查,未發(fā)現(xiàn)該職業(yè)場所1-BP暴露對工人健康產(chǎn)生危害。 相關(guān)的研究結(jié)果顯示,采用脛神經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)端潛伏期作為效應(yīng)終點(diǎn),計(jì)算的基準(zhǔn)劑量BMD和其下限值BMDL分別為36.77mg/m3和21.73mg/m3;采用肌酸激酶作為效應(yīng)終點(diǎn),計(jì)算出基準(zhǔn)計(jì)量BMD和下限值BMDL分別為88.28mg/m3和44.52mg/m3;采用促甲狀腺激素作為效應(yīng)終點(diǎn),BMD和BMDL分別為47.23mg/m3和31.54mg/m3。參照其他國家提出的1-BP接觸限值,結(jié)合本次研究結(jié)果,我們建議以外周神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷作為基準(zhǔn)效應(yīng)指標(biāo),以其BMDL21.73mg/m3作為職業(yè)接觸限值建議的基礎(chǔ),將我國1-BP職業(yè)接觸限值(TWA-8h)定為21.00mg/m3,并加注經(jīng)皮吸收標(biāo)識。
[Abstract]:1- bromopropane (1-Bromopropane, 1-BP) is mainly used for the production of spray adhesives, cleaning and degreasing agent for precision instruments, is also used in pharmaceutical industry, pesticides and quaternary ammonium compounds as synthetic intermediates. With the international society for the CFC compounds banned the production and use, 1-BP is widely used as the substitute, production and usage increase year by year in the world. China is the largest producer of 1-BP production in 1-BP exposed groups increased with the quantity of production and consumption and increased year by year.1-BP has a variety of toxic effects on the human body. Animal experiments show that 1-BP has the nerve toxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity and carcinogenicity and other toxic effects. Epidemiological investigation and cases the report also suggested that long-term exposure to 1-BP may cause the central and peripheral nervous system lesions, blood and biochemical system and liver disease. China has yet to formulate 1-BP occupational exposure limit This research is based on the results of laboratory studies and field surveys, and provides the basis for formulating 1-BP occupational exposure limits and standardizing laboratory testing methods.
For the determination of 1-BP in the air of workplace, we established a gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC-FID), a SPB-1 column (30M * 0.25mm * 0.25 m), the use of temperature programming method with N2 as carrier gas, shunt injection. In workplace air was collected by active 1-BP sampler link activated charcoal tube by solvent desorption of carbon disulfide, qualified by retention time and peak area as the quantitative indicators of the method. We tested. Test results show that this method can effectively separate 1-BP and 2-BP common pollutants, wide linear range, correlation coefficient R2=0.9996, can detect the lowest concentration of 1-BP in air 0.08mg/m3 (3L meter to collect air samples). The inter and intra relative standard deviation RSD10%, the rate of recovery is 95%-105%, desorption efficiency of 90%, stored at room temperature, the fifth day of decline rate is 10%, the penetration capacity of more than 1.75mg.. This method meets GBZ/T The requirement for the determination of chemical substances in the air of 210.4-2008< workplace is applicable to the determination of 1-BP in the air of the workplace.
In order to understand the 1-BP occupation contact and the relationship between health workers, we conducted a survey of occupation health 1-BP production enterprises. Collect production information, grasp the 1-BP production process, the history of occupation collection 1-BP factory workers and the basic personal information, using fixed-point sampling and individual sampling monitoring of the environment and individual exposure levels to collect all kinds of health. Monitoring data of the previous analysis of the relationship between 1-BP exposure and health effects of workers. The survey results show that the occupation place widely existed in 1-BP, the highest concentration of 153.08mg/m3 detection, detection of real distillation geometric mean highest concentration, 43.62mg/m3, non 1-BP production areas can also be detected. 1.95mg/m3 environment was the lowest level in the active and passive sampling there was no significant difference between the sampling p0.10 exposure). Individual health care information, the current status of workers exposed to 1-BP in good health. The occupation health It was not found that exposure to 1-BP in the workplace was harmful to the health of the workers.
The results show that the effect of tibial nerve distal latency as the end point, the benchmark dose of BMD computing and its limit value of BMDL were 36.77mg/m3 and 21.73mg/m3; the effect of creatine kinase as the end point, calculate the benchmark BMD and the lower limit value of BMDL were 88.28mg/ m3 and 44.52mg/m3; the effect of thyroid stimulating hormone as the end point, and BMD BMDL 47.23mg/m3 and 31.54mg/m3. respectively for the reference of other countries proposed 1-BP exposure limits, combined with the research results, we suggest that the peripheral nervous system damage as the benchmark effect index, with its BMDL21.73mg/m3 as the basis of occupation contact limiting values suggest, 1-BP will contact the limits of our occupation (TWA-8h) for 21.00mg/m3, and add the the skin absorption logo.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R134

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