本文選題：煤矸石　切入點：危害　出處：《太原理工大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：我國是富煤貧油缺氣的資源特點,決定了煤炭在我國一次能源生產(chǎn)和消費結(jié)構(gòu)中的主導地位。我國煤炭生產(chǎn)和消費量占一次能源生產(chǎn)和消費總量的70%左右,并且煤炭消費絕對量仍在逐年增加。與此同時,隨著開采機械化程度的提高,煤矸石產(chǎn)出量激增,這些固體廢棄物以噸煤10%-20%的比例產(chǎn)出。煤矸石由于其組成物質(zhì)的特殊物理和化學性質(zhì),對礦區(qū)造成的生態(tài)破壞與環(huán)境污染非常嚴重,造成諸如空氣污染,水污染,侵占耕地等嚴重的社會問題和環(huán)境問題。特別是煤矸石山自然發(fā)火產(chǎn)生的災害性氣體對周邊環(huán)境的污染特別嚴重,造成煤礦周邊環(huán)境不斷惡化。 本文從煤矸石的化學物理性質(zhì)著手,從煤矸石自然發(fā)火機理出發(fā),對煤矸石自燃所需的條件,自燃所經(jīng)歷的過程進行了深入的分析,得出引起煤矸石自燃的內(nèi)部和外在因素；通過對煤矸石樣的工業(yè)性分析、成分分析以及升溫氧化實驗、熱重實驗的研究,掌握了成莊礦9#煤矸石自然發(fā)火的特性,確定了煤矸石自燃初期的預測預報指標,為煤矸石自燃早期的預測預報提供了科學依據(jù),對新矸石山自燃的預防起了重要指導作用。通過對9#煤矸石的自燃特性實驗研究,并結(jié)合借鑒國內(nèi)煤矸石堆治理工程的成功經(jīng)驗,為預防成莊礦9#煤矸石自燃打下了堅實的基礎,系統(tǒng)、科學、完善地設計了成莊礦煤矸石的堆積方案。 得出的主要結(jié)論有： 1.煤矸石自燃不可缺少的三個條件：①.其本身的自燃傾向性,即具有低溫氧化能力；②.有連續(xù)的通風供氧條件；③.煤矸石堆能夠積聚熱量。影響煤矸石自燃的因素有很多：主要內(nèi)在因素有黃鐵礦含量,煤矸石中煤的含量；主要外在因素有顆粒大小,水分子多少,如何堆放的影響。 2.通過對9#煤矸石的工業(yè)分析和成分分析的實驗結(jié)果知道,9#煤矸石屬于不易自燃煤矸石,煤矸石中的硫化鐵在常溫下可與氧發(fā)生氧化反應,氧化釋放出的熱量是導致其自然發(fā)火的主要原因。成莊煤礦9#煤層煤矸石自燃標志氣體應以CO為主, C2H4、C2H2為輔來掌握煤矸石堆自然發(fā)火。CO濃度持續(xù)增加,上升速率加快,表明煤矸石開始迅速氧化；檢測出C2H,1,說明矸石溫度已經(jīng)達到200-210℃；C2H2的出現(xiàn)說明煤矸石的溫度已經(jīng)超過220℃。 3.通過對成莊礦9#煤矸石樣熱重實驗的研究,煤矸石水分蒸發(fā)階段T,為95.6℃,吸氧增重階段T2為371.4℃,燃點T3為449.8℃,燃燒階段T4為629.5℃,確定了煤矸石自燃全過程特征溫度參數(shù)及質(zhì)量變化等參數(shù)。 4.煤矸石的堆放采取分層壓實的方式。堆放過程中嚴格控制煤矸石的壓實程度,來預防成莊礦9#煤矸石自燃。首先對堆場清理進行密封防滲處理,然后進行分層堆放,在堆放的過程中將煤矸石壓實,同時在其上鋪一層黃土,達到要求高度后,對其整體覆土封頂,進行綠化。 5.根據(jù)選取排矸場的實際地形地貌特征以及防止水土流失的要求和排矸場的安全,該煤矸石場地主要工程是砌筑擋矸墻,修建排水系統(tǒng),馬道及踏步臺階砌石和終期覆土綠化工程。
[Abstract]:Our country is the lack of gas rich coal resources characteristics, determines the dominant position of coal in China's primary energy production and consumption structure. China's coal production and consumption accounts for about a total energy production and consumption by 70%, and the absolute amount of coal consumption is still increasing year by year. At the same time, with the improve the level of mechanization of mining, coal gangue output surge, these solid wastes with tons of coal gangue output ratio of 10%-20%. Because of the special physical and chemical properties of the composition of the material, ecological damage and environmental pollution of the mining area caused by a very serious, such as air pollution, water pollution, serious social and environmental problems the occupation of farmland. Especially the disaster gas coal gangue spontaneous combustion on the surrounding environment pollution is particularly serious, caused by coal mine surrounding environment is deteriorating.
This article from the physical and chemical properties of coal gangue from coal gangue, spontaneous combustion mechanism of the required conditions on the spontaneous combustion of coal gangue, analyzed the process of spontaneous combustion experienced, that caused by internal and external factors of the spontaneous combustion of coal gangue; the industry of coal gangue samples analysis, component analysis and temperature study on the thermal oxidation experiment, experiment, grasps the characteristics of Chengzhuang Coal Mine 9# coal gangue spontaneous combustion, to determine the forecast index at the early stage of spontaneous combustion of coal gangue, and provide a scientific basis for the prediction of spontaneous combustion of coal gangue early, played an important role in preventing spontaneous combustion of the new guidance. Through the experimental study of gangue spontaneous combustion characteristics the 9# of coal gangue, and combined with the successful experience of domestic coal gangue heap management project, for the prevention of Chengzhuang Coal Mine 9# coal gangue spontaneous combustion to lay a solid foundation, system science, and improve the design of Chengzhuang Coal Mine A plan for the accumulation of coal gangue.
The main conclusions are as follows:
Three conditions of 1. spontaneous combustion of coal gangue is indispensable: 1. Spontaneous combustion tendency itself, which has low temperature oxidation ability; 2. With continuous aeration conditions; 3. The coal gangue can accumulate heat. There are many factors influencing the spontaneous combustion of coal gangue: the main internal factors of pyrite content, the content of coal gangue the main external factors; particle size, number of water molecules, affect how stacked.
2. through the industry analysis and component analysis of 9# coal gangue. The experimental results that 9# is not easy, coal gangue gangue of iron sulfide in coal gangue can be oxidized with oxygen at room temperature, the oxidation heat release is the main cause of the spontaneous combustion in Chengzhuang coal mine. Coal gangue 9# the spontaneous combustion of sign gas should be based on CO, C2H4, C2H2 as a supplement to the mastery of the coal gangue spontaneous combustion.CO concentration continued to increase, rising rate, show that the coal gangue began to rapidly detect oxidation; C2H, 1, shows that gangue temperature has reached 200-210 degrees; the appearance of C2H2 shows that coal gangue temperature has exceeded 220 degrees Celsius.
3. through the study of Zhuang mine 9# coal gangue thermal gravimetric experiment, coal gangue water evaporation stage T, 95.6 DEG C, the oxygen gain stage T2 is 371.4 DEG C, T3 light is 449.8 DEG C, combustion phase T4 is 629.5 DEG C, coal gangue spontaneous combustion characteristic temperature parameters and quality change parameters are determined..
4. coal gangue dumps stratified compaction method. The degree of compaction of coal gangue pile in the process of strict control, to prevent the spontaneous combustion of coal gangue in Chengzhuang Coal Mine 9#. Firstly, clean sealing yard anti-seepage treatment, and then layered, in the process of coal gangue compaction pile, while the upper layer of Loess, reach for height, the greening of the whole soil cover cap.
5. according to the actual terrain feature selection gangue field and safety requirements to prevent soil erosion and the gangue field, coal gangue is the main engineering site masonry block rock wall, the construction of road drainage system, and a step stone and final soil afforestation project.

【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD849.5;TD752.2

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