本文選題：自升式海洋平臺　切入點：火災　出處：《上海交通大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：世界經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展必然帶來對能源的巨大需求,隨著陸地油氣資源的減少,向海洋進軍成為一種必然的趨勢。鉆井平臺是海洋油氣資源開發(fā)的基礎性設施,是海上生產(chǎn)與生活的基地。海洋平臺作業(yè)環(huán)境惡劣且遠離大陸,人員、油氣處理設備高度集中,由于存在大量易燃易爆物質(zhì)及油氣存儲設備,容易發(fā)生油氣泄漏,引發(fā)火災。本文針對CIMC集團自主研發(fā)的一型400英尺自升式海洋鉆井平臺,利用相關軟件進行平臺火災以及人員疏散過程的仿真模擬研究。海洋平臺火災時,人員能否及時安全地疏散取決于火災時安全疏散可用時間是否大于安全疏散所需時間。如果安全疏散可用時間大于安全疏散所需時間可認為人員能夠安全疏散,反之則不安全。依據(jù)DOW火災爆炸指數(shù)評價法對海洋平臺火災爆炸危險區(qū)域進行評估,確定了危險區(qū)域,并借助CFX軟件通過合理設置火災場景,得出安全疏散可用時間。借助STEPS軟件定量研究了出口寬度、數(shù)量、疏散反應時間等疏散過程的影響因素,并以某自升式海洋平臺為例,進行了人員疏散的仿真研究,求解人員疏散所需的時間,通過比較這兩個關鍵特征時間,驗證海洋平臺火災中人員疏散的安全性。最后,簡要討論了需要進一步研究和完善的問題。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the world economy will inevitably bring great demand for energy. With the decrease of terrestrial oil and gas resources, it is an inevitable trend to march to the ocean. Drilling platforms are the basic facilities for the exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources. Offshore platform is a base for offshore production and life. Offshore platforms operate in a harsh environment far from the mainland, with highly concentrated personnel and oil and gas processing equipment. Because of the existence of a large number of flammable and explosive substances and oil and gas storage equipment, oil and gas leaks are prone to occur. In this paper, a 400-foot jack-up offshore drilling rig developed by CIMC Group was developed, and the simulation study of platform fire and evacuation process was carried out by using related software. Whether people can evacuate safely or not in time depends on whether the time available for safe evacuation is greater than the time required for safe evacuation. If the time available for safe evacuation is longer than the time required for safe evacuation, people can be deemed to be able to evacuate safely. On the contrary, it is not safe. According to the evaluation method of DOW fire and explosion index, the dangerous area of offshore platform fire and explosion is evaluated, and the fire scene is reasonably set with the help of CFX software. With the help of STEPS software, the factors influencing the evacuation process, such as exit width, quantity and evacuation reaction time, are quantitatively studied, and the simulation study of evacuation is carried out by taking a jack-up offshore platform as an example. The safety of evacuation in offshore platform fire is verified by comparing these two key characteristics. Finally, the problems that need further study and improvement are briefly discussed.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TE58;U698.4

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