本文關鍵詞： 高溫熱輻射 協(xié)同作用 綜合評價 熱害控制 Airpak　出處：《西安建筑科技大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展和社會的進步，人們?nèi)找骊P注作業(yè)環(huán)境的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生情況。軋鋼車間的冷床上有大量的剛剛軋制的螺紋鋼在自然冷卻，所以冷床周圍作業(yè)點存在高溫熱輻射危害。此外這些作業(yè)點還存在噪聲職業(yè)危害，研究表明高溫和噪聲會產(chǎn)生協(xié)同作用，使得作業(yè)人員承受更大的職業(yè)危害風險從而加重對人體健康的損害。本文首先構建了Airpak模型對冷床作業(yè)點的熱環(huán)境進行了模擬，并效驗了模型的準確性；然后構建了基于高溫和噪聲協(xié)同作用的職業(yè)危害綜合評價模型對冷床作業(yè)點的職業(yè)危害進行綜合評價；最后通過Airpak軟件模擬來探究高溫熱輻射的控制方法。 以原始的數(shù)據(jù)資料為基礎構建的Airpak模型所模擬的結果與實際的測量結果相比，干球溫度和輻射溫度的最大相對誤差分別為5.7%和6.4%。其相對誤差都在可接受范圍內(nèi)，后文的相關研究也采用該模型進行模擬計算。 本文所構建的職業(yè)危害綜合評價模型是通過層次分析法來確定模型中各個評價指標的權重，通過二元語義法來處理定性和定量的評價信息，并引入了高溫和噪聲協(xié)同作用修正系數(shù)來反映高溫和噪聲的協(xié)同作用影響的大小。通過該評價模型對冷床三個作業(yè)點的職業(yè)危害進行綜合評價，評價結果為：A作業(yè)點的職業(yè)危害綜合評價值為0.404，B作業(yè)點為0.395，C作業(yè)點為0.362。三處作業(yè)點語義評價都介于“差”與“一般”之間，且更偏近于“差”，A和B作業(yè)點“比差要好一些”，C作業(yè)點為“比差稍好”，故需要采取相關措施來提高作業(yè)點的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生水平。 以上文所述模型為基礎通過Airpak模擬設置了三種不同工況的擋板，來探究每種工況下的擋板對高溫熱輻射的控制效果。從模擬結果來看，設置擋板對高溫熱輻射都有一定的控制效果，其中工況三中設置的2米寬2米高的擋板的控制效果最好。通過上述的針對高溫和噪聲協(xié)同作用的職業(yè)危害綜合評價模型對工況三中的作業(yè)點的職業(yè)危害進行綜合評價，評價結果為：A作業(yè)點的職業(yè)危害綜合評價值為0.485，B作業(yè)點為0.491，C作業(yè)點為0.411。雖然三處作業(yè)點相應的語義評價依然介于“差”與“一般”之間，，但綜合評價值都有了提高，相應的語義評價離“差”與“一般”兩個語義值中較好的“一般”更近了，A和B作業(yè)點“比一般要好很多”，C作業(yè)點為“比一般稍好”。所以工況三中所設置的擋板對控制熱輻射和提高作業(yè)點的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生綜合水平有一定的效果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and social progress, people pay more and more attention to the occupational hygiene of the working environment. Therefore, there are high temperature thermal radiation hazards in the operating points around the cold bed. In addition, there are occupational noise hazards in these work sites. Studies have shown that high temperature and noise have synergistic effects. In this paper, the Airpak model is constructed to simulate the thermal environment of the cold bed working point, and the veracity of the model is verified. Then, a comprehensive evaluation model of occupational hazard based on high temperature and noise is constructed. Finally, the control method of high temperature thermal radiation is studied by Airpak software simulation. The maximum relative errors of the dry sphere temperature and radiation temperature are 5.7% and 6.4, respectively, compared with the actual measured results by the Airpak model based on the original data. The relative errors are within the acceptable range. This model is also used to simulate the related research. The comprehensive evaluation model of occupational hazards constructed in this paper is to determine the weight of each evaluation index in the model by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and to deal with qualitative and quantitative evaluation information by means of dual semantic method. The correction coefficient of high temperature and noise synergism is introduced to reflect the magnitude of synergistic effect of high temperature and noise. The occupational hazards of three working points of cold bed are comprehensively evaluated by the evaluation model. The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation value of occupational hazard in operation point A was 0.404 and 0.395C, and the semantic evaluation of the three job points was between "poor" and "normal". And closer to the "difference" A and B operating points "the difference is better" "C" operation point is "slightly better", so we need to take relevant measures to improve the occupational health level. Based on the model mentioned above, three baffles are set up by Airpak simulation to explore the control effect of the baffle on the heat radiation at high temperature under each working condition. Setting the baffle has certain control effect on the high temperature thermal radiation. The control effect of the 2 m wide and 2 m high baffle is the best in the third working condition. The occupational hazard of the operating point in the working condition 3 is comprehensively evaluated by the above comprehensive evaluation model for the high temperature and noise synergism. The evaluation results showed that the comprehensive evaluation value of occupational hazard was 0.485B, 0.491C was 0.411.Although the semantic evaluation of the three job points was still between "difference" and "average", the comprehensive evaluation value had been improved. The corresponding semantic evaluation is closer to the better "average" of the two semantic values of "difference" and "general", so that the "A" and "B" operating points are much better than the average "C" operating point is "slightly better than the average". It has certain effect on controlling heat radiation and improving occupational hygiene level.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X96

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