本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高溫?zé)彷椛?協(xié)同作用 綜合評(píng)價(jià) 熱害控制 Airpak　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展和社會(huì)的進(jìn)步，人們?nèi)找骊P(guān)注作業(yè)環(huán)境的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生情況。軋鋼車間的冷床上有大量的剛剛軋制的螺紋鋼在自然冷卻，所以冷床周圍作業(yè)點(diǎn)存在高溫?zé)彷椛湮：�。此外這些作業(yè)點(diǎn)還存在噪聲職業(yè)危害，研究表明高溫和噪聲會(huì)產(chǎn)生協(xié)同作用，使得作業(yè)人員承受更大的職業(yè)危害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)從而加重對(duì)人體健康的損害。本文首先構(gòu)建了Airpak模型對(duì)冷床作業(yè)點(diǎn)的熱環(huán)境進(jìn)行了模擬，并效驗(yàn)了模型的準(zhǔn)確性；然后構(gòu)建了基于高溫和噪聲協(xié)同作用的職業(yè)危害綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型對(duì)冷床作業(yè)點(diǎn)的職業(yè)危害進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)；最后通過Airpak軟件模擬來探究高溫?zé)彷椛涞目刂品椒ā?以原始的數(shù)據(jù)資料為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建的Airpak模型所模擬的結(jié)果與實(shí)際的測(cè)量結(jié)果相比，干球溫度和輻射溫度的最大相對(duì)誤差分別為5.7%和6.4%。其相對(duì)誤差都在可接受范圍內(nèi)，后文的相關(guān)研究也采用該模型進(jìn)行模擬計(jì)算。 本文所構(gòu)建的職業(yè)危害綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型是通過層次分析法來確定模型中各個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重，通過二元語義法來處理定性和定量的評(píng)價(jià)信息，并引入了高溫和噪聲協(xié)同作用修正系數(shù)來反映高溫和噪聲的協(xié)同作用影響的大小。通過該評(píng)價(jià)模型對(duì)冷床三個(gè)作業(yè)點(diǎn)的職業(yè)危害進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果為：A作業(yè)點(diǎn)的職業(yè)危害綜合評(píng)價(jià)值為0.404，B作業(yè)點(diǎn)為0.395，C作業(yè)點(diǎn)為0.362。三處作業(yè)點(diǎn)語義評(píng)價(jià)都介于“差”與“一般”之間，且更偏近于“差”，A和B作業(yè)點(diǎn)“比差要好一些”，C作業(yè)點(diǎn)為“比差稍好”，故需要采取相關(guān)措施來提高作業(yè)點(diǎn)的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生水平。 以上文所述模型為基礎(chǔ)通過Airpak模擬設(shè)置了三種不同工況的擋板，來探究每種工況下的擋板對(duì)高溫?zé)彷椛涞目刂菩Ч�。從模擬結(jié)果來看，設(shè)置擋板對(duì)高溫?zé)彷椛涠加幸欢ǖ目刂菩Ч�，其中工況三中設(shè)置的2米寬2米高的擋板的控制效果最好。通過上述的針對(duì)高溫和噪聲協(xié)同作用的職業(yè)危害綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型對(duì)工況三中的作業(yè)點(diǎn)的職業(yè)危害進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果為：A作業(yè)點(diǎn)的職業(yè)危害綜合評(píng)價(jià)值為0.485，B作業(yè)點(diǎn)為0.491，C作業(yè)點(diǎn)為0.411。雖然三處作業(yè)點(diǎn)相應(yīng)的語義評(píng)價(jià)依然介于“差”與“一般”之間，，但綜合評(píng)價(jià)值都有了提高，相應(yīng)的語義評(píng)價(jià)離“差”與“一般”兩個(gè)語義值中較好的“一般”更近了，A和B作業(yè)點(diǎn)“比一般要好很多”，C作業(yè)點(diǎn)為“比一般稍好”。所以工況三中所設(shè)置的擋板對(duì)控制熱輻射和提高作業(yè)點(diǎn)的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生綜合水平有一定的效果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and social progress, people pay more and more attention to the occupational hygiene of the working environment. Therefore, there are high temperature thermal radiation hazards in the operating points around the cold bed. In addition, there are occupational noise hazards in these work sites. Studies have shown that high temperature and noise have synergistic effects. In this paper, the Airpak model is constructed to simulate the thermal environment of the cold bed working point, and the veracity of the model is verified. Then, a comprehensive evaluation model of occupational hazard based on high temperature and noise is constructed. Finally, the control method of high temperature thermal radiation is studied by Airpak software simulation. The maximum relative errors of the dry sphere temperature and radiation temperature are 5.7% and 6.4, respectively, compared with the actual measured results by the Airpak model based on the original data. The relative errors are within the acceptable range. This model is also used to simulate the related research. The comprehensive evaluation model of occupational hazards constructed in this paper is to determine the weight of each evaluation index in the model by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and to deal with qualitative and quantitative evaluation information by means of dual semantic method. The correction coefficient of high temperature and noise synergism is introduced to reflect the magnitude of synergistic effect of high temperature and noise. The occupational hazards of three working points of cold bed are comprehensively evaluated by the evaluation model. The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation value of occupational hazard in operation point A was 0.404 and 0.395C, and the semantic evaluation of the three job points was between "poor" and "normal". And closer to the "difference" A and B operating points "the difference is better" "C" operation point is "slightly better", so we need to take relevant measures to improve the occupational health level. Based on the model mentioned above, three baffles are set up by Airpak simulation to explore the control effect of the baffle on the heat radiation at high temperature under each working condition. Setting the baffle has certain control effect on the high temperature thermal radiation. The control effect of the 2 m wide and 2 m high baffle is the best in the third working condition. The occupational hazard of the operating point in the working condition 3 is comprehensively evaluated by the above comprehensive evaluation model for the high temperature and noise synergism. The evaluation results showed that the comprehensive evaluation value of occupational hazard was 0.485B, 0.491C was 0.411.Although the semantic evaluation of the three job points was still between "difference" and "average", the comprehensive evaluation value had been improved. The corresponding semantic evaluation is closer to the better "average" of the two semantic values of "difference" and "general", so that the "A" and "B" operating points are much better than the average "C" operating point is "slightly better than the average". It has certain effect on controlling heat radiation and improving occupational hygiene level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X96

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