本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高速公路 載重汽車 連續(xù)縱坡 安全保障 運(yùn)行速度 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國交通建設(shè)與公路運(yùn)輸事業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，建設(shè)重心開始從平原微丘區(qū)向山嶺重丘區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)變，載重交通比例日益增大，致使山區(qū)高速公路交通安全問題十分嚴(yán)峻。因此，深入研究載重汽車在連續(xù)縱坡路段的運(yùn)行特征，考慮并評(píng)估路段潛在安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，建立連續(xù)縱坡路段安全保障體系，不僅是山區(qū)高速公路運(yùn)營安全的基礎(chǔ)性課題，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)公路交通科學(xué)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的迫切需要。 以國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀分析為基礎(chǔ)，界定了高速公路連續(xù)縱坡的明確含義，研究了基于運(yùn)行速度的連續(xù)上坡理想坡長。從調(diào)查路段、觀測地點(diǎn)、主導(dǎo)車型、調(diào)查時(shí)段等四個(gè)方面確定了高速公路連續(xù)縱坡交通安全調(diào)查方案，選擇載重50t歐曼六軸載重貨車做為實(shí)驗(yàn)車型，開展了運(yùn)行速度和剎車轂溫度的實(shí)測調(diào)查。 通過分析高速公路連續(xù)下坡路段交通事故的發(fā)生機(jī)理，確定了運(yùn)行速度預(yù)測模型和車轂溫度預(yù)測模型等基礎(chǔ)模型。以六軸載重貨車的運(yùn)行速度為因變量，選用連續(xù)下坡路段的累計(jì)坡長l和平均縱坡i作為自變量，基于多元線性回歸理論，分別構(gòu)建了平均縱坡i≤2%、i＞2%兩種路段情況下的運(yùn)行速度預(yù)測模型。采用擬合優(yōu)度檢驗(yàn)和回歸方程顯著性檢驗(yàn)，檢查了殘差分布情況，結(jié)果表明符合正態(tài)假設(shè)的要求，并采用實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證，驗(yàn)證了模型的準(zhǔn)確性和可行性。 根據(jù)能量守恒定律，通過計(jì)算連續(xù)下坡路段汽車能量轉(zhuǎn)換等式，引入坡度與坡長等自變量因素，建立了坡度、坡長與剎車轂溫度關(guān)系模型。以內(nèi)蒙某高速公路連續(xù)下坡路段K346+548-K334+637段為實(shí)測剎車轂溫度數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)比分析了預(yù)測模型理論溫度值。通過擬合剎車轂溫度預(yù)測值、實(shí)測值的分布關(guān)系，建立了修正后的連續(xù)下坡路段剎車轂溫度預(yù)測模型。 以汽車受力分析為基礎(chǔ)，考慮驅(qū)動(dòng)平衡狀態(tài)下的汽車運(yùn)動(dòng)方程，構(gòu)建了基于性能的載重汽車運(yùn)行速度預(yù)測模型，提出了綜合反映各線性要素、路面情況、海拔以及風(fēng)速等因素綜合影響下的載重汽車運(yùn)行速度預(yù)測方法，基于Visual Basic開發(fā)了運(yùn)行速度預(yù)測系統(tǒng)。以內(nèi)蒙某高速公路K000+000-K265+000段為例，進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例應(yīng)用。 在現(xiàn)場調(diào)研和資料收集的基礎(chǔ)上，深入分析了平面線形、縱斷面線形、彎坡組合要素等道路線形與交通安全的關(guān)系，，并探討了交通組成及交通量對(duì)交通安全的影響，確定了高速公路交通安全的主要影響因素。根據(jù)重載汽車特性，考慮運(yùn)用運(yùn)行速度和剎車轂溫度的二維影響，提出了高速公路連續(xù)下坡危險(xiǎn)度分級(jí)方法，明確了危險(xiǎn)度等級(jí)的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，給出不同危險(xiǎn)度等級(jí)對(duì)應(yīng)的量化坡長。以國內(nèi)八條高速公路的交通事故統(tǒng)計(jì)資料為基礎(chǔ)，運(yùn)用SPSS數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析軟件，分析了億萬車公里事故率與平均速度、速度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的相關(guān)性，構(gòu)建了高速公路連續(xù)上坡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)模型，闡述了的具體評(píng)價(jià)流程和步驟。 通過現(xiàn)場調(diào)查與資料收集，分析了避險(xiǎn)車道、標(biāo)志標(biāo)線、減速帶、車道限制等既有高速公路交通安全設(shè)施的適用性。闡述了高速公路連續(xù)下坡安全保障方案的設(shè)計(jì)原則，提出了連續(xù)下坡安全保障方案理論分析與建設(shè)實(shí)施兩階段實(shí)施過程，并詳細(xì)論述了誘導(dǎo)設(shè)施、警示設(shè)施、強(qiáng)制措施及避險(xiǎn)車道的設(shè)置方法�？紤]保障高速公路連續(xù)上坡通行能力及交通安全，提出了連續(xù)上坡路段限制措施的設(shè)置方法，結(jié)合大型車特性探討了爬坡車道的布置條件和幾何尺寸。 重載交通高速公路連續(xù)縱坡交通安全保障關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究采用現(xiàn)場調(diào)查、數(shù)學(xué)建模、理論分析、工程驗(yàn)證相結(jié)合的研究方法，提高了連續(xù)縱坡路段高速公路運(yùn)營安全水平。不僅對(duì)山區(qū)高速公路建設(shè)具有重要的實(shí)踐意義，對(duì)保障重大工程交通安全、交通建設(shè)和諧發(fā)展也有著重要的理論意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's transportation construction and transportation, construction focus from the beginning of plain and hilly area to the mountainous area change, the proportion of traffic load is increasing, resulting in the mountainous area highway traffic safety problem is very serious. Therefore, in-depth study of the truck running characteristics of continuous longitudinal slope sections, consider and evaluate potential sections safety risk, establish a continuous longitudinal section of the safety system, not only is a basic topic in mountainous expressway safety, but also realize the highway transportation science, the urgent need for sustainable development.
The research status at home and abroad on the basis of defined meaning highway continuous slope, based on the continuous uphill running speed. The ideal slope length from the investigation section, the observation locations and dominant models in four aspects: time to determine the highway traffic safety continuous slope survey scheme, choose the 50t six axis truck Auman truck as the experimental model, carried out the running speed and the brake hub temperature survey.
The occurrence mechanism of continuous downhill road traffic accidents through the analysis of the expressway, the speed prediction model of car hub and temperature prediction model based on variable model. Because of the running speed of six axis heavy trucks, using continuous downhill slope length L and the cumulative average longitudinal I as independent variables, multiple linear regression based on the theory, respectively. Construction of the average longitudinal slope I = 2%, I > 2% running speed of two road condition prediction model. The goodness of fit test and regression test, check the distribution of the residuals, the results show that in line with the assumption of normal requirements, and further verified by the measured data, verify the accuracy and feasibility of the model..
According to the law of conservation of energy, through the calculation of the continuous downhill car energy conversion equation, the slope gradient and slope length independent variable factors, established slope, slope length and brake drum temperature relation model. A freeway in Inner Mongolia continuous downhill section of K346+548-K334+637 section for the measured brake drum temperature data, comparative analysis of the theoretical value of the temperature prediction model. By fitting the brake drum temperature distribution prediction value, the measured value, a brake drum temperature prediction model of continuous downhill after correction.
Based on the analysis of auto loading, considering the vehicle motion equation driven equilibrium, construct the prediction model of truck speed based on performance, put forward a comprehensive reflection of linear elements, road conditions, prediction method of comprehensive effects of altitude and wind speed and other factors under the load of vehicle running speed, running speed of Visual Basic development the prediction system based on K000+000-K265+000. In the section of a highway in Inner Mongolia Province as an example, the application of the system.
Based on field investigation and data collection, in-depth analysis of the horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, curved elements combination relationship between road alignment and traffic safety, and discusses the influence of traffic and traffic volume of traffic safety, to determine the main influencing factors of the expressway traffic safety. According to the characteristics of heavy vehicle, considering the running speed and the two-dimensional brake drum temperature influence, proposed the highway continuous downhill risk classification method, the classification standard of danger degree of slope are different, quantify the danger degree of the corresponding length. With statistical data from eight domestic highway traffic accidents as the basis, using SPSS statistical analysis software, analysis of hundreds of millions of the car accident rate and average speed, the correlation speed standard deviation, the highway construction of continuous upgrade risk evaluation model, and expounds the specific evaluation process Step.
Through on-site investigation and data collection, analysis of the emergency lane, marking, deceleration zone, applicability of lane restriction and other existing highway traffic safety facilities. Expounds the design principles of highway continuous downhill security program, put forward the construction scheme of continuous downhill analysis and theory of security implementation process of the implementation of the two phase, are discussed in detail by warning facilities, facilities, setting method and emergency Lane enforcement measures. Considering the security of expressway running uphill traffic capacity and traffic safety, put forward a set of methods of continuous uphill road restrictions, combined with the large car characteristics discussed the layout condition and the geometric size of the climbing lane.
Heavy traffic highway continuous longitudinal research on the key technology of slope traffic safety by means of field investigation, mathematical modeling, theoretical analysis and research methods of combining engineering verification, improve the continuous longitudinal slope sections of the highway operation safety level. Not only has important practical significance for highway construction in mountainous areas, to ensure the safety of major traffic engineering, traffic construction and harmonious development has important theoretical significance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：U492.8

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 王志新;余強(qiáng);宋慶陽;趙軒;史培龍;;重載貨車制動(dòng)鼓溫升模型建立及應(yīng)用[J];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2015年06期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 郭鑫;山區(qū)高速公路避險(xiǎn)車道選址研究[D];重慶交通大學(xué);2015年

本文編號(hào)：1543587