本文關(guān)鍵詞： 洪水預(yù)警 洪水應(yīng)急 文化遺產(chǎn)保護　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：敦煌莫高窟是全人類的共同文化和精神財富,具有普遍的、突出的價值。維護莫高窟世界文化遺產(chǎn)地的真實性和完整性,使其價值不受損失,是莫高窟愛護者、管理者、保護者和參觀者的共同目標。千百年來,大泉河在造福莫高窟的同時,其洪水問題也成為莫高窟保護的重要風(fēng)險。當(dāng)大泉河遭遇特大洪水風(fēng)險時,莫高窟也受到窟頂滲水、壁畫空鼓、霉變、窟內(nèi)進水淤積泥沙等一系列危害,造成的損失不可估量。預(yù)防性保護是在文化遺產(chǎn)發(fā)生損害前,積極采取措施,以使文化遺產(chǎn)的損害降至最小化或避免損害,這一理念得到了廣泛認同,并積極的實踐于文化遺產(chǎn)地保護工作之中。在該理念的指導(dǎo)下,建立莫高窟洪水風(fēng)險預(yù)警應(yīng)急體系,使大泉河在發(fā)生洪水危害前,就及時的預(yù)報、預(yù)警洪水風(fēng)險,并且采取積極有效的應(yīng)急措施,為莫高窟文物和游客人身安全提供保護措施,實現(xiàn)莫高窟的“永久”保存等都具有十分重要的意義。本文總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外洪水風(fēng)險預(yù)警應(yīng)急體系建設(shè)和應(yīng)用的研究成果,并結(jié)合世界文化遺產(chǎn)地保護特征,以莫高窟保護為中心,對莫高窟東臨的大泉河的氣象特征、地形地貌特征和洪水時空特征進行了詳細分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上,確立了莫高窟洪水風(fēng)險預(yù)警體系的預(yù)警監(jiān)控網(wǎng)點,明確了預(yù)警洪水風(fēng)險的監(jiān)控內(nèi)容和監(jiān)控時間,構(gòu)建了以室外建站——監(jiān)測站點全自動實時監(jiān)測流域降雨和洪水情況;空間數(shù)據(jù)傳輸——移動通信或衛(wèi)星實時傳輸數(shù)據(jù);室內(nèi)預(yù)測——室內(nèi)實時監(jiān)控預(yù)測為一體的莫高窟洪水風(fēng)險預(yù)警體系,實現(xiàn)了對莫高窟洪水風(fēng)險的自動快速預(yù)警。同時在對莫高窟洪水風(fēng)險等級劃分成果和洪水風(fēng)險評估的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合世界文化遺產(chǎn)地保護特征和《莫高窟風(fēng)險管理指南》中的管理要求,對接莫高窟洪水風(fēng)險預(yù)警體系,構(gòu)建了莫高窟洪水風(fēng)險應(yīng)急響應(yīng)機制,明確了莫高窟洪水風(fēng)險應(yīng)急響應(yīng)機制的機構(gòu)組成和職能,并規(guī)定了洪水風(fēng)險應(yīng)急響應(yīng)流程和保障措施。實現(xiàn)了莫高窟在遭遇洪水侵害時,保護人員能快速指揮調(diào)度并采取積極有效保護措施,盡最大可能消除或減少損失。
[Abstract]:The Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang are the common cultural and spiritual wealth of all mankind and have universal and outstanding value. The common goal of managers, protectors and visitors. For thousands of years, the flood problem of the Daquan River has become an important risk for the protection of the Mogao Grottoes while bringing benefits to the Mogao Grottoes. Mogao Grottoes also suffered from a series of hazards, such as water seepage on the top of the grottoes, murals empty drums, mildew, siltation and silt in the caves, which caused incalculable damage. Preventive protection is to take active measures before the cultural heritage damage. In order to minimize or avoid the damage of cultural heritage, this concept has been widely accepted, and actively practiced in the protection of cultural heritage. Under the guidance of this concept. The flood risk early warning and emergency response system in Mogao Grottoes is established to make the Daquan River timely forecast and early warning flood risk before flood hazard occurs and take active and effective emergency measures. To provide protection measures for the cultural relics of Mogao Grottoes and the personal safety of tourists. It is of great significance to realize the "permanent" preservation of Mogao Grottoes. This paper summarizes the research results of the construction and application of flood risk early warning emergency system at home and abroad, and combines with the characteristics of the protection of world cultural heritage sites. Taking the protection of Mogao Grottoes as the center, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the meteorological characteristics, landform features and flood space-time characteristics of the Daquan River near the east of the Mogao Grottoes. Established the Mogao Grottoes flood risk warning system early warning monitoring network, defined the early warning flood risk monitoring content and monitoring time. The automatic real-time monitoring of rainfall and flood in the watershed is constructed by building the outdoor station and monitoring station. Spatial data transmission-mobile communications or satellite real-time transmission of data; The flood risk warning system of Mogao Grottoes is integrated with indoor real-time monitoring and forecasting. At the same time, on the basis of the results of flood risk classification and flood risk assessment of Mogao Grottoes. Combined with the protection characteristics of the world cultural heritage site and the management requirements in the "Mogao Grottoes risk Management Guide", the flood risk early warning system of the Mogao Grottoes is connected, and the emergency response mechanism of the Flood risk in the Mogao Grottoes is constructed. The organization composition and function of the flood risk emergency response mechanism in Mogao Grottoes are clarified, and the flood risk emergency response flow and safeguard measures are stipulated. Protection personnel can quickly command and dispatch and take active and effective protection measures to eliminate or reduce losses as far as possible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X43

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本文編號：1471598