本文關(guān)鍵詞： 承壓類特種設(shè)備 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估框架 定性/定量評(píng)估 涉氨企業(yè)　出處：《華東理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為上海市特種設(shè)備應(yīng)急管理平臺(tái)建設(shè)總體規(guī)劃中基礎(chǔ)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研究的一部分,本文針對(duì)承壓類特種設(shè)備進(jìn)行了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的研究。承壓設(shè)備風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理能有效的辨識(shí)危險(xiǎn)源、評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并針對(duì)不同風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)的企業(yè)采取措施,保證其安全運(yùn)行。鑒于承壓設(shè)備數(shù)量大、危險(xiǎn)性高,監(jiān)察力量不足等問題,本文提出了基于單臺(tái)設(shè)備風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為基礎(chǔ)的承壓特種設(shè)備風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理框架和方法,為監(jiān)察單位分類監(jiān)管和應(yīng)急管理平臺(tái)建設(shè)提供技術(shù)支持。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下：(1)提出以單臺(tái)設(shè)備風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(失效可能性×后果)為基礎(chǔ),企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、區(qū)域風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等為指標(biāo)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估框架。該框架包含設(shè)備狀況、安全附件、人員培訓(xùn)以及安全管理等方面的內(nèi)容,并據(jù)此框架提出了定性、定量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估法。(2)定性評(píng)估法以設(shè)備運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和所含介質(zhì)危險(xiǎn)性為基礎(chǔ),借鑒篩選分析思路,結(jié)合實(shí)際情況,確立了一套從設(shè)備風(fēng)險(xiǎn)到企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的評(píng)估方法。定量評(píng)估法融合API 581中的算法,考慮設(shè)備可能發(fā)生的損傷并詳細(xì)計(jì)算,最終得到各風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指標(biāo)的量化值。(3)各風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指標(biāo)計(jì)算中運(yùn)用了不同的數(shù)學(xué)方法來保證計(jì)算的準(zhǔn)確性。從設(shè)備風(fēng)險(xiǎn)到區(qū)域風(fēng)險(xiǎn)計(jì)算中,使用了疊加、最大化思想以及基于事故統(tǒng)計(jì)信息的動(dòng)態(tài)權(quán)重值等方法,保證了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指標(biāo)的準(zhǔn)確性和動(dòng)態(tài)性。(4)針對(duì)涉氨企業(yè)的特點(diǎn)制定了安全檢查表,并通過篩選重點(diǎn)檢查指標(biāo)考查涉氨企業(yè)的安全狀況,為有關(guān)部門制定監(jiān)察計(jì)劃提供依據(jù)。同時(shí),根據(jù)涉氨企業(yè)的調(diào)研情況,確定了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估中各個(gè)修正因子。(5)根據(jù)涉氨企業(yè)的危險(xiǎn)辨識(shí)、實(shí)地調(diào)研和計(jì)算分析,提出了管道焊接修正因子Fpipeweld。使用定性方法評(píng)估BS區(qū)14家涉氨企業(yè),獲得企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分布情況,分析各企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并制定相應(yīng)的安全措施。此外,對(duì)于儲(chǔ)氨量最大的冷庫O進(jìn)行定量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,掌握該企業(yè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)情況,驗(yàn)證兩種方法的可行性和一致性。
[Abstract]:As a part of the basic risk research in the overall planning of the emergency management platform for special equipment in Shanghai. In this paper, the research on risk management for special pressure equipment is carried out. The risk management of pressure equipment can effectively identify the risk source, assess the risk, and take measures for enterprises with different risk levels. To ensure its safe operation. In view of the large number of pressurized equipment, high risk, insufficient supervisory power and other problems, this paper puts forward a risk management framework and method of special pressure equipment based on the risk of a single equipment. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: 1) based on the risk of single equipment (failure possibility 脳 consequence), the enterprise risk is proposed. A risk assessment framework for which regional risk is an indicator. The framework includes information on equipment status, safety accessories, personnel training and safety management, and is defined accordingly. Quantitative risk assessment method. 2) the qualitative evaluation method is based on the operating state of the equipment and the risk of the medium contained in it. The method of screening and analysis is used for reference and combined with the actual situation. This paper establishes a set of evaluation methods from equipment risk to enterprise risk. Quantitative evaluation method integrates the algorithm of API 581 and considers the possible damage of equipment and calculates the damage in detail. Finally, the quantitative value of each risk index is obtained. (3) different mathematical methods are used to ensure the accuracy of the calculation in the calculation of each risk index. From the equipment risk to the regional risk calculation, the superposition is used. The idea of maximization and the dynamic weight value based on accident statistics ensure the accuracy and dynamic of the risk index. And through the screening of key inspection indicators to check the safety situation of ammonia enterprises, for the relevant departments to formulate monitoring plans. At the same time, according to the research situation of ammonia enterprises. According to the risk identification, field investigation and calculation analysis of the ammonia enterprises, each correction factor in the risk assessment is determined. The pipeline welding correction factor Fpipeweld. the qualitative method is used to evaluate 14 ammonia enterprises in BS area, and the risk distribution of the enterprises is obtained. The risk of each enterprise is analyzed and the corresponding safety measures are worked out. In addition, the risk assessment of the cold storage O with the largest ammonia storage capacity is carried out, the risk situation of the enterprise is grasped, and the feasibility and consistency of the two methods are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X924.4

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