發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-25 14:02

【摘要】：渦旋壓縮機(jī)以噪音低、效率高、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、零件數(shù)目少且運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)等特點(diǎn),廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車空調(diào)、制冷、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)增壓以及真空泵等行業(yè)。渦旋壓縮機(jī)的主要零件包括動(dòng)渦旋盤、靜渦旋盤、曲軸、平衡鐵、機(jī)架、軸承和防自轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)等,它們的受力和工作狀況將直接或間接地影響壓縮機(jī)的效率及穩(wěn)定性。因此對(duì)核心零部件力學(xué)特性的研究分析和相關(guān)優(yōu)化顯得尤為重要,也是確保渦旋壓縮機(jī)性能和可靠性的前提。針對(duì)這種情況,本文以某渦旋壓縮機(jī)虛擬樣機(jī)的曲軸和曲軸部件作為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)有限元分析ANSYS Workbench平臺(tái)對(duì)曲軸和曲軸部件在工作過(guò)程中的靜動(dòng)態(tài)力學(xué)特性做研究分析,并對(duì)曲軸上滑動(dòng)軸承與角接觸球軸承之間的距離、曲軸的軸徑和軸長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。具體的研究?jī)?nèi)容主要包括下面幾點(diǎn):(1)根據(jù)渦旋型線的嚙合原理和法向等距曲線理論,設(shè)計(jì)了變截面動(dòng)渦旋盤的型線,同時(shí)根據(jù)渦旋盤的型線方程和基本參數(shù)計(jì)算動(dòng)渦旋盤在工作過(guò)程中所受的氣體力(法向氣體力rF和切向氣體力tF)。(2)建立曲軸-軸承系統(tǒng)的有限元模型,將軸承簡(jiǎn)化為不同數(shù)目的均布彈簧,從而探究分析彈簧的數(shù)目及位置對(duì)曲軸徑向剛度的影響;然后將最大氣體力作為靜態(tài)載荷,施加在曲軸的偏心段中心位置模擬分析曲軸-軸承系統(tǒng)在靜態(tài)載荷下的應(yīng)力和變形,并計(jì)算曲軸的靜剛度,為曲軸-軸承系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化結(jié)果作對(duì)比提供參考依據(jù)。(3)對(duì)曲軸和曲軸部件的動(dòng)態(tài)特性作仿真研究。首先進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析,得到曲軸和曲軸部件兩種結(jié)構(gòu)下的前6階固有頻率、振型及振動(dòng)特性,發(fā)現(xiàn)其前6階固有頻率都較高,從而說(shuō)明曲軸和曲軸部件在實(shí)際的激振頻率下都不易發(fā)生共振并探究影響曲軸固有頻率的因素;同時(shí)在模態(tài)分析基礎(chǔ)之上對(duì)曲軸和曲軸部件上的不同位置做諧響應(yīng)分析,得到應(yīng)力和位移隨頻率變化的特性,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行比較分析。(4)通過(guò)分別優(yōu)化軸承之間的跨距l(xiāng)、曲軸的軸徑1R、軸長(zhǎng)1l,并對(duì)跨距l(xiāng)、軸徑1R和軸長(zhǎng)1l進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)參數(shù)優(yōu)化,從而減小曲軸偏心段的最大撓度,使得曲軸的徑向靜剛度有所提高;通過(guò)上述的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)使得曲軸部件具有更好的靜動(dòng)態(tài)性能,從而減小動(dòng)渦旋盤與靜渦旋盤之間的摩擦使動(dòng)靜渦旋盤的嚙合更加平穩(wěn)有效,并提高軸承的使用壽命。
[Abstract]:Because of its low noise, high efficiency, compact structure, small number of parts and stable operation, scroll compressor is widely used in automotive air conditioning, refrigeration, engine pressurization and vacuum pump industries. The main parts of scroll compressor include moving vortex disk, static vortex disk, crankshaft, balance iron, frame, bearing and anti-rotation mechanism, etc. Their force and working condition will directly or indirectly affect the efficiency and stability of the compressor. Therefore, it is very important to study and analyze the mechanical characteristics of the core parts and optimize them, and it is also the premise to ensure the performance and reliability of the scroll compressor. In view of this situation, the crankshaft and crankshaft parts of a virtual prototype of a scroll compressor are studied in this paper, and the static and dynamic mechanical characteristics of crankshafts and crankshaft components in the working process are studied and analyzed by finite element analysis (ANSYS Workbench) platform. The distance between journal bearing and angular contact ball bearing on crankshaft, shaft diameter and shaft length of crankshaft are optimized. The main contents of the research are as follows: (1) according to the meshing principle of vortex profile and the theory of normal equidistant curve, the profile of dynamic vortex disk with variable cross-section is designed. At the same time, the finite element model of crankshaft-bearing system is established according to the profile equation of the vortex disk and the basic parameters to calculate the gas force (the normal gas force rF and the tangential gas force tF). (2) during the working process of the moving vortex disk, and at the same time, the finite element model of the crankshaft-bearing system is established. The bearing is simplified to different number of uniformly distributed springs, and the influence of the number and position of springs on the radial stiffness of crankshafts is investigated. Then the maximum gas force is taken as static load, and the stress and deformation of crankshaft-bearing system under static load are simulated and analyzed at the center of eccentric section of crankshaft, and the static stiffness of crankshaft is calculated. It provides a reference for the comparison of the optimization results of crankshaft-bearing system. (3) the dynamic characteristics of crankshaft and crankshaft components are simulated. First, the first six natural frequencies, mode shapes and vibration characteristics of crankshaft and crankshaft components are obtained by modal analysis. It is found that the first six natural frequencies of crankshaft and crankshaft components are higher than those of crankshaft components. This shows that the crankshaft and the crankshaft components are not easy to resonate under the actual excitation frequency and explore the factors that affect the natural frequency of the crankshaft. At the same time, on the basis of modal analysis, harmonic response analysis of different positions on crankshaft and crankshaft components is carried out, and the characteristics of stress and displacement varying with frequency are obtained and compared. (4) the span between bearings is optimized respectively. The maximum deflection of eccentric section of crankshaft is reduced, and the radial static stiffness of crankshaft is improved by optimizing the multi-objective parameters of span 1, shaft diameter 1R and shaft length 1l, and the axial diameter 1R and shaft length 1l of crankshaft are optimized in order to reduce the maximum deflection of eccentric section of crankshaft and improve the radial static stiffness of crankshaft. Through the above optimization design, the crankshaft parts have better static and dynamic performance, thus reducing the friction between the dynamic vortex disk and the static vortex disk, making the meshing of the dynamic and dynamic vortex disk more stable and effective, and prolonging the service life of the bearing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TH45

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