【摘要】：載流摩擦副是具有載流功能的摩擦副,廣泛運(yùn)用在軌道交通、電力、電子、控制等領(lǐng)域。隨著科技的發(fā)展,載流摩擦副的服役工況越來(lái)越苛刻,原有技術(shù)無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足我國(guó)相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的需要,已經(jīng)制約了相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。本文以純銅、電力機(jī)車(chē)用銅基粉末冶金滑板材料、浸銅碳滑板材料和Cu-石墨材料為銷(xiāo)試樣,與QCr0.5材質(zhì)盤(pán)試樣配副開(kāi)展銅基材料載流摩擦學(xué)研究。對(duì)載流摩擦學(xué)特性的研究表明,載流特性與摩擦磨損特性耦合作用,表現(xiàn)為,電因素導(dǎo)致配副的摩擦磨損性能大幅度惡化,且隨著電流的增加,磨損率增大;摩擦條件導(dǎo)致載流質(zhì)量下降,且隨著摩擦條件的惡化,載流質(zhì)量下降幅度增大;通過(guò)回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),電流、速度和載荷是磨損率與載流效率的重要影響因素,且對(duì)二者影響大小的排序不同,三因素的影響相互耦合作用;動(dòng)態(tài)摩擦系數(shù)和動(dòng)態(tài)電流存在一定程度的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,具有耦合作用關(guān)系。對(duì)載流摩擦過(guò)程中伴生電弧的過(guò)程及其對(duì)載流摩擦影響的研究表明,電弧萌生于摩擦界面,持續(xù)時(shí)長(zhǎng)為毫秒級(jí)甚至更短,電弧的萌生、發(fā)展和湮滅過(guò)程具有時(shí)空隨機(jī)性和動(dòng)態(tài)性,隨機(jī)性表現(xiàn)包括起弧地點(diǎn)隨機(jī)、燃弧時(shí)長(zhǎng)隨機(jī)、電弧強(qiáng)度隨機(jī),動(dòng)態(tài)性包括弧柱有沿摩擦切線(xiàn)方向運(yùn)行的趨勢(shì),具體過(guò)程有波動(dòng),電弧強(qiáng)度有波動(dòng);電弧與摩擦磨損特性和載流特性存在一定關(guān)系。對(duì)載流摩擦過(guò)程中破壞機(jī)制的研究表明,材料損傷與導(dǎo)電品質(zhì)惡化耦合作用,且二者的作用存在不均勻性。材料的損傷形式除常見(jiàn)的干摩擦損傷形式外,電因素導(dǎo)致材料損傷形式發(fā)生變化,還直接造成材料損傷,表現(xiàn)為,摩擦面溫度大幅度升高,材料氧化嚴(yán)重,表層和次表層金屬塑性流動(dòng)幅度增大,表面嚴(yán)重粗糙化,電弧在表面造成嚴(yán)重的熔融和噴濺。載流摩擦過(guò)程中,材料損傷的不均勻性表現(xiàn)為,靠近磨損面的入口處主要是機(jī)械損傷,靠近出口處主要是電損傷,且隨著電因素和摩擦條件惡化,電損傷相對(duì)增加,機(jī)械損傷相對(duì)減少。相對(duì)滑動(dòng)惡化載流摩擦副的導(dǎo)電品質(zhì),隨著摩擦條件的惡化,導(dǎo)電品質(zhì)惡化加劇。載流摩擦副的主要導(dǎo)電方式為接觸導(dǎo)電和電弧導(dǎo)電,靠近磨損面的入口處主要是接觸導(dǎo)電,靠近出口處主要是電弧導(dǎo)電,且隨著電因素和摩擦條件惡化,接觸導(dǎo)電相對(duì)減少,電弧導(dǎo)電相對(duì)增加。依據(jù)損傷機(jī)制開(kāi)發(fā)了Cu-石墨材料,在摩擦表面形成連續(xù)-自生-導(dǎo)電-潤(rùn)滑膜,使配副運(yùn)行平穩(wěn),抑制了電弧及其危害,實(shí)現(xiàn)了載流摩擦特性與摩擦磨損特性的同步改善。對(duì)于載流摩擦學(xué)性能耦合作用關(guān)系方面的研究結(jié)果對(duì)抑制電弧損傷技術(shù)有指導(dǎo)意義,材料開(kāi)發(fā)方面的工作有望為載流摩擦副的合理選材提供技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:Current-carrying friction pair is a friction pair with current-carrying function. It is widely used in rail transit, power, electronics, control and other fields. With the development of science and technology, the service conditions of current-carrying friction pairs become more and more demanding, and the original technology can not meet the needs of related fields in our country, which has restricted the development of related fields. In this paper, copper-based powder metallurgy slide materials for electric locomotives, copper-impregnated carbon slide materials and Cu- graphite materials as pin samples were used to study the current-carrying tribology of copper-based materials with QCr0.5 plate test pairs. The research on the tribological characteristics of current-carrying shows that the coupling effect of current-carrying characteristics and friction-wear characteristics shows that the friction and wear properties of the matching pairs are greatly deteriorated by electric factors, and the wear rate increases with the increase of current. The friction condition leads to the decrease of the current carrying mass, and with the deterioration of the friction condition, the decreasing extent of the current carrying mass increases. Through regression analysis, it is found that current, velocity and load are important factors affecting wear rate and current carrying efficiency, and the order of influence is different, and the influence of three factors is coupling each other. There is a certain degree of correspondence between dynamic friction coefficient and dynamic current, and there is a coupling relationship between dynamic friction coefficient and dynamic current. The study on the process of associated arc and its influence on current-carrying friction shows that the arc sprouts at the friction interface and lasts for nanosecond or even shorter, and the arc initiation. The process of development and annihilation is spatio-temporal and dynamic. The randomness of the process includes the random location of the arc, the random duration of the arc, the random intensity of the arc, and the tendency of the arc column to move along the direction of the friction tangent, and the specific process is fluctuating. The arc strength fluctuates; There is a certain relationship between arc and friction and wear characteristics and current-carrying characteristics. The research on the failure mechanism in the process of current-carrying friction shows that the coupling effect between the damage of the material and the deterioration of the conductive quality, and the inhomogeneity of the action between the material and the conductive quality. In addition to the common dry friction damage forms, the electrical factors lead to the change of the material damage forms, but also directly cause the material damage. The results show that the friction surface temperature increases greatly and the material oxidation is serious. The plastic flow range of the surface and subsurface metal increases, and the surface is severely roughened, and the arc causes serious melting and spatter on the surface. In the process of current-carrying friction, the non-uniformity of material damage is mainly mechanical damage at the entrance near the wear surface and electrical damage near the outlet, and with the deterioration of the electrical factors and friction conditions, the electrical damage increases relatively. Mechanical damage is relatively reduced. The relative sliding worsens the conductive quality of the current-carrying friction pair, and with the deterioration of the friction conditions, the conductive quality of the current-carrying friction pair worsens. The main conductive modes of the current-carrying friction pair are contact conduction and arc conduction. The contact conduction is mainly at the entrance near the wear surface and the arc conduction near the outlet. With the deterioration of electrical factors and friction conditions, the contact conductivity decreases relatively. The electric conductivity of the arc increases relatively. According to the damage mechanism, the Cu- graphite material was developed, and continuous-in-situ-conductive-lubricating film was formed on the friction surface, which made the matching pair run smoothly, inhibited the arc and its harm, and achieved the simultaneous improvement of the friction and wear characteristics of the current-carrying and friction-wear characteristics. The results of the study on the coupling relationship between current-carrying tribology and performance are of great significance to the suppression of arc damage, and the development of materials is expected to provide technical support for the reasonable selection of materials for current-carrying friction pairs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：機(jī)械科學(xué)研究總院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH117.1

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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