【摘要】：風機性能試驗是風機設計、生產和檢驗中必不可少的環(huán)節(jié)。目前,許多風機生產廠家和研究單位仍采用手工方式進行測試,存在勞動強度大、工作效率低的缺點。為了實現(xiàn)試驗過程的自動化,本文采用虛擬儀器技術對風機性能試驗系統(tǒng)進行了設計開發(fā)。首先,依據標準GB/T1236-2000進行總體結構設計。試驗系統(tǒng)由風機驅動系統(tǒng)、標準試驗風筒以及測控系統(tǒng)組成,本文采用C型管道進氣裝置設計了四套不同直徑的試驗風筒以適應不同型號的風機。為了實現(xiàn)風機工況的自動調節(jié),對流量調節(jié)閥及其執(zhí)行機構進行了設計。此外,為了研究風筒內部流場沿徑向的速度分布情況,還設計了一套風速自動測試裝置。同時,對測控系統(tǒng)的硬件和軟件進行了詳細的設計。硬件部分主要包括傳感器選型和數(shù)據采集卡選型。軟件部分以LabVIEW為平臺,采用模塊化編程和面向組件的設計方法,實現(xiàn)了風機工況的自動調節(jié)、測試信號的自動采集、試驗數(shù)據的自動處理、性能曲線的自動繪制以及試驗報告的自動生成,通過與數(shù)據庫連接還實現(xiàn)了試驗數(shù)據的存儲、查詢和修改功能。為了合理地設計試驗裝置,本文采用CFD軟件對試驗裝置的內部流場進行模擬計算。通過理論分析和數(shù)值模擬相結合的方法,探討了C型進氣裝置的軸承支座對軸流風機出口氣流的阻礙作用,計算了軸承支座與風機出口的距離大小對風機性能曲線的影響,從而為合理地設計軸承支座與風機出口的距離提供依據。同時,研究了順開式百葉閥和對開式百葉閥對風筒內部流場的影響,計算并比較了兩者流場的速度、壓力、流線以及湍流動能分布情況,此外還對比了兩種閥門的流量特性,為流量調節(jié)裝置的改進提供參考。最后,為了對風機性能試驗系統(tǒng)進行驗證,本文在原有設計方案的基礎上加以簡化,搭建了一套小型試驗裝置,實際測試了軸流風機的性能并繪制出風機性能曲線。在試驗裝置的調試過程中,系統(tǒng)運行穩(wěn)定、可靠,能夠滿足風機性能試驗自動控制和自動采集的要求。
[Abstract]:Fan performance test is an essential link in fan design, production and inspection. At present, many fan manufacturers and research units still use manual testing, which has the disadvantages of high labor intensity and low working efficiency. In order to realize the automation of test process, the performance test system of fan is designed and developed by using virtual instrument technology. First of all, according to the standard GB/T1236-2000 for the overall structure design. The test system consists of fan drive system, standard test duct and measurement and control system. In this paper, four sets of test air ducts with different diameters are designed to suit different types of fans. In order to realize the automatic adjustment of fan working condition, the flow regulating valve and its actuating mechanism are designed. In addition, in order to study the velocity distribution of the flow field along the radial direction, a set of automatic measurement device for wind speed is designed. At the same time, the hardware and software of the measurement and control system are designed in detail. The hardware includes sensor selection and data acquisition card selection. Based on LabVIEW, modular programming and component-oriented design method are used to realize automatic adjustment of fan operating conditions, automatic acquisition of test signals and automatic processing of test data. The automatic drawing of the performance curve and the automatic generation of the test report can also realize the functions of storing, querying and modifying the experimental data by connecting with the database. In order to design the test device reasonably, this paper uses CFD software to simulate and calculate the internal flow field of the test device. Through the combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the effect of bearing support of C type air intake device on the outlet flow of axial fan is discussed, and the influence of the distance between bearing support and fan outlet on fan performance curve is calculated. It provides a basis for the reasonable design of the distance between the bearing support and the outlet of the fan. At the same time, the influence of the parallel valve and the open valve on the flow field in the tuyere is studied. The velocity, pressure, streamline and turbulent kinetic energy distribution of the flow field are calculated and compared, and the flow characteristics of the two valves are also compared. It provides a reference for the improvement of flow regulating device. Finally, in order to verify the performance test system of the fan, this paper simplifies the original design scheme, builds a set of small test equipment, tests the performance of the axial fan and draws the performance curve of the fan. In the debugging process of the test device, the system runs stably and reliably, and can meet the requirements of automatic control and automatic collection of fan performance test.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH43

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