【摘要】：隨著城市化進(jìn)程的加快,塔式起重機(jī)作為中高層建筑施工中不可缺少的運(yùn)輸工具,使用量不斷上升,與此同時(shí)有關(guān)塔式起重機(jī)的垮塌事故也接踵而來。塔機(jī)垮塌事故發(fā)生嚴(yán)重威脅施工人員和周邊人員的生命、延緩工程進(jìn)度,給社會(huì)造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。及時(shí)找出垮塌事故原因,確定事故責(zé)任,明定賠償方案是解決各個(gè)方面矛盾的關(guān)鍵,同時(shí)也為制定事故預(yù)防措施提供寶貴借鑒,對(duì)提高塔機(jī)安全管理水平具有重要的實(shí)際意義。當(dāng)前,國內(nèi)常采用故障樹法對(duì)塔機(jī)垮塌事故原因進(jìn)行分析認(rèn)定,但因構(gòu)造故障樹多余量繁重、難度大、分析過程不夠直觀等缺點(diǎn),往往會(huì)脫緩分析進(jìn)度,加大塔機(jī)垮塌事故分析難度。本課題針對(duì)當(dāng)前塔機(jī)垮塌事故分析方法的不足,以國家安全監(jiān)管總局資助項(xiàng)目“塔式起重機(jī)虛擬再現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究及應(yīng)用”為依托,結(jié)合有限元分析法和虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)在相關(guān)事故分析領(lǐng)域的研究成果,為塔機(jī)垮塌事故分析提出一種新方法。該分析方法基于虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的可觀性和有限元分析結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性,降低了塔機(jī)垮塌事故分析難度,提高塔機(jī)垮塌事故分析的準(zhǔn)確性,有助于塔機(jī)垮塌事故分析的順利進(jìn)行,縮短了塔機(jī)垮塌事故分析的周期。本文主要圍繞以下二個(gè)方面開展工作:(1)構(gòu)建塔機(jī)垮塌事故再現(xiàn)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)系統(tǒng)�；诂F(xiàn)有塔機(jī)垮塌事故分析資料和相關(guān)專家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、意見,確定垮塌事故系統(tǒng)的總體構(gòu)建方案,運(yùn)用三維建模軟件UG、3Ds Max建立塔機(jī)模型及周圍場景模型,利用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)開發(fā)平臺(tái)Quest3D開發(fā)出一套完整的塔機(jī)垮塌事故再現(xiàn)仿真系統(tǒng)。(2)塔機(jī)事故分析、仿真�？偨Y(jié)前人構(gòu)建塔機(jī)有限元模型的簡化方法,在ANSYS中利用APDL語言建立塔機(jī)模型,結(jié)合實(shí)際工況,針對(duì)塔機(jī)不同部位的失效情況進(jìn)行分析計(jì)算,研究事故發(fā)生機(jī)理,利用塔機(jī)垮塌事故再現(xiàn)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)系統(tǒng)對(duì)有限元分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行模擬、仿真,為塔機(jī)垮塌事故分析提供動(dòng)態(tài)的、可視化的討論方案提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, the use of tower cranes, as an indispensable transport vehicle in the construction of high-rise buildings, has been increasing. At the same time, the collapse of tower cranes has been followed one after another. The collapse of tower crane seriously threatens the lives of the construction personnel and the surrounding personnel, delays the progress of the project, and causes huge economic losses to the society. It is the key to solve the contradiction in every aspect to find out the cause of the collapse in time, to determine the responsibility of the accident and to fix the compensation scheme. At the same time, it provides valuable reference for formulating the accident prevention measures, which has important practical significance for improving the safety management level of the tower crane. At present, the fault tree method is often used to analyze and determine the cause of tower crane collapse accident. However, due to the disadvantages of heavy allowance and difficulty in constructing the fault tree, the analysis process is not intuitive enough, the progress of analysis is often removed. Increase the tower crane collapse accident analysis difficulty. In view of the deficiency of the current analysis method of tower crane collapse accident, this topic is based on the project "Research and Application of Virtual Reconstruction key Technology of Tower Crane" funded by the State Security Administration. Combined with the research results of finite element analysis and virtual reality technology in the field of accident analysis, a new method for tower crane collapse accident analysis is proposed. Based on the observability of virtual reality technology and the accuracy of finite element analysis results, the analysis method reduces the difficulty of analyzing tower crane collapse accident, improves the accuracy of tower crane collapse accident analysis, and contributes to the successful analysis of tower crane collapse accident. The analysis period of tower crane collapse accident is shortened. This paper mainly focuses on the following two aspects: (1) constructing a virtual reality system for tower crane collapse. Based on the existing data of tower crane collapse analysis and the experience of relevant experts, the overall construction scheme of collapse accident system is determined, and the tower crane model and surrounding scene model are established by using three-dimensional modeling software UG,3Ds Max. A complete simulation system of tower crane collapse accident is developed by using virtual reality development platform Quest3D. (2) Tower crane accident analysis and simulation. This paper summarizes the simplified method of building the finite element model of tower crane in ANSYS, establishes the tower crane model by APDL language in ANSYS, analyzes and calculates the failure situation of different parts of tower crane in combination with actual working conditions, and studies the mechanism of accidents. The finite element analysis results are simulated and simulated by using the virtual reality system of tower crane collapse accident reappearance, which provides a basis for dynamic and visual discussion of tower crane collapse accident analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TH213.3

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