【摘要】：在當(dāng)代工業(yè)自動(dòng)化、智能化發(fā)展過程中,氣缸作為常用的氣動(dòng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu),其動(dòng)態(tài)性能對(duì)生產(chǎn)效率提高具有重要意義。在氣缸設(shè)計(jì)中,緩沖結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)是關(guān)鍵技術(shù)�，F(xiàn)有氣缸產(chǎn)品主要采用針閥及溢流閥式緩沖結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)使用工況需調(diào)節(jié)針閥或溢流閥開度從而得到良好緩沖效果,緩沖調(diào)節(jié)費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力,當(dāng)供氣壓力、負(fù)載質(zhì)量及調(diào)速閥開度等工況變化時(shí),氣缸的緩沖狀態(tài)被破壞,行程末端會(huì)出現(xiàn)撞擊及反彈等現(xiàn)象,縮短氣缸使用壽命,降低生產(chǎn)效率。所以本文的目標(biāo)是設(shè)計(jì)自適應(yīng)緩沖氣缸,無(wú)需緩沖調(diào)節(jié)即對(duì)外部工況具有較寬自適應(yīng)范圍。本文針對(duì)溢流閥式緩沖氣缸進(jìn)行變工況實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,通過分析供氣壓力、負(fù)載質(zhì)量、調(diào)速閥開度等工況變化時(shí)氣缸的緩沖特性,闡述工況變化時(shí)緩沖被破壞的機(jī)理。采用變排氣截面積的自適應(yīng)緩沖設(shè)計(jì)思路,計(jì)算得到緩沖排氣面積變化曲線。氣缸運(yùn)行過程中,當(dāng)緩沖腔排氣面積小于調(diào)速閥排氣面積時(shí),氣缸開始緩沖,故緩沖起始點(diǎn)與排氣面積有關(guān)。緩沖長(zhǎng)度與緩沖能量相關(guān)。在不同氣缸運(yùn)行速度時(shí),求解排氣面積與緩沖長(zhǎng)度,得到緩沖排氣面積變化曲線,并設(shè)計(jì)自適應(yīng)緩沖結(jié)構(gòu)。在自適應(yīng)緩沖結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)自適應(yīng)緩沖氣缸,裝配氣缸樣機(jī)并進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。最低使用壓力及泄漏量測(cè)量結(jié)果證明了氣缸設(shè)計(jì)的正確性。緩沖實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明,基于緩沖起始點(diǎn)的變截面排氣緩沖的設(shè)計(jì)思想是正確的,在供氣壓力0.4～0.6 MPa、質(zhì)量負(fù)載6.48～21.48kg工況下,自適應(yīng)緩沖氣缸具有較好的緩沖特性,不需調(diào)節(jié)即可得到較好的緩沖效果。
[Abstract]:In the process of modern industrial automation and intelligent development, the dynamic performance of cylinder, as a commonly used pneumatic actuator, plays an important role in improving production efficiency. In the cylinder design, the design of buffer structure is the key technology. The existing cylinder products mainly use needle valve and relief valve type buffer structure, according to the operating conditions need to adjust the opening of needle valve or relief valve to get a good buffer effect, buffer adjustment takes time and effort, when the supply pressure, When the load mass and the opening of the speed regulating valve are changed, the buffer state of the cylinder is destroyed, the impact and rebound will appear at the end of the stroke, the service life of the cylinder will be shortened, and the production efficiency will be reduced. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to design an adaptive buffer cylinder, which has a wide adaptive range for external operating conditions without buffering adjustment. In this paper, an experimental study is carried out on the relief valve type buffer cylinder under varying working conditions. By analyzing the buffer characteristics of the cylinder when the air supply pressure, load mass and the opening of the speed regulating valve are changed, the mechanism of the damage of the buffer when the working condition is changed is expounded. Using the adaptive buffer design idea of variable exhaust section area, the change curve of buffer exhaust area is calculated. During the operation of the cylinder, when the exhaust area of the buffer chamber is less than the exhaust area of the speed regulating valve, the cylinder begins to buffer, so the starting point of the buffer is related to the exhaust area. The buffer length is related to the buffer energy. At different cylinder speeds, the exhaust area and the buffer length are solved, the curve of the buffer exhaust area is obtained, and the adaptive buffer structure is designed. Based on the adaptive buffer structure, the adaptive buffer cylinder is designed, and the prototype of the cylinder is assembled and verified by experiments. The test results of minimum operating pressure and leakage amount prove the correctness of the cylinder design. The result of buffer experiment proves that the design idea of variable section exhaust buffer based on the starting point of buffer is correct, under the condition of the supply pressure of 0.40. 6 MPa, mass loaded 6.48~21.48kg, The adaptive buffer cylinder has better buffering performance, and it can get better buffering effect without adjusting.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH138.51

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本文編號(hào)：2302024