雙向軸流泵的優(yōu)化設計及內(nèi)流特性研究
[Abstract]:The unsteady flow mechanism and control of three-dimensional flow field in turbomachinery is one of the hot topics in academic research. Two-way axial flow pump is the main "heart" component of low lift pump station which takes both drainage and irrigation into account. Most of the S-type blades designed by traditional binary method have the defects of low energy efficiency in both positive and reverse operation conditions. In reverse, due to the prerotation of the guide vane and no rectification of the rear guide vane, the reverse pressure gradient changes in the internal flow structure. Special complex flow such as boundary layer separation and large scale reflux restrict the improvement of comprehensive performance. This paper uses the method of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and test to optimize the design of asymmetric airfoil bidirectional axial flow pump. The internal flow mechanism, active / passive flow control technology, pressure fluctuation characteristics and so on are studied. The results are as follows: (1) based on the conformal transformation method, a design method for low arch circular arc airfoils is proposed. The relationship between forward and inverse velocity loop and theoretical head of low arch circular arc airfoil is established by means of Jokovsky transform. By changing the geometric parameters of cascade, the positive and negative performance is assigned. At the same time, based on the lifting method, the design of conventional S airfoil bidirectional axial flow pump is compared, and the time-averaged flow field and pressure pulsation characteristics of two kinds of airfoil bi-directional axial flow pumps are systematically compared, and the flow field and pressure pulsation characteristics of two kinds of airfoil bi-directional axial flow pumps are compared. A micro mesh cell was created on the surface of the guide vane and its average pressure was monitored. The variation of pressure fluctuation on the surface of the guide vane during the forward and backward operation of the S airfoil bidirectional axial flow pump was studied. The flow characteristics of the positive and backward saddle region and the tip clearance flow characteristics were compared. The experimental study of the two models was carried out under different forward and backward placement angles. The results show that the radial motion of fluid particles near the trailing edge of suction surface of circular arc airfoil is smaller, the pulsation amplitude of inlet and outlet edge is lower, and the positive and negative efficiency is 3.5% and 1.3% higher than that of S airfoil model, respectively. The pressure pulsation on the surface of the blade is mainly affected by the number of pieces of the guide blade, the main frequency is the passage frequency of the guide vane, the main frequency of the pressure pulsation on the surface of the guide vane is the rotating frequency of the blade; In reverse, a strong low frequency pulsation occurs at 0 ~ 2 times of rotation frequency. (2) the design of guide vane of bidirectional axial flow pump is studied, and the flow model of flow field in reverse operation of bending-guide vane bidirectional axial flow pump is established. In order to reduce the inlet flow of suction surface, the vortex structure and its unsteady evolution in the blade are studied based on the Q iso-surface method, and the flow separation strength is reduced by changing the airfoil. The influence of the relative position of the guide vane-elbow on the structure and performance of the flow field is analyzed. The results show that the direct guide vane can eliminate the positive prerotation in the front of the blade and the main flow loss is caused by the separation of the suction boundary layer and the shedding vortex. The reasonable selection of the airfoil can reduce the flow separation strength. The curved pipe will destroy the axial symmetrical distribution of the upstream flow field and change the angle of attack of the blades. (3) the parametric optimization platform of axial flow pump (fan) including the geometric parameters of blade and passage is constructed to improve the existing optimization method of axial flow blade. An axial flow blade combination optimization method including experimental design and velocity gradient algorithm is proposed. The blade and channel are optimized based on the optimal Latin hypercube method and sequential quadratic programming algorithm. The convergence is accelerated by increasing the space step size. Compared with the conventional direct experimental design or sequential quadratic programming algorithm, the forward efficiency is increased by 3.07% and 0.87%, respectively, and the radial pressure difference and the circumferential rotation velocity of the fluid are reduced by using the diffusion tube. Compared with the original model, the forward efficiency of blade and channel optimization is increased by 2.02% and 2% respectively.
【學位授予單位】:華中科技大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:TH312
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