發(fā)布時間：2018-09-12 07:24

【摘要】：工程機(jī)械一般采用內(nèi)燃機(jī)驅(qū)動、液壓控制方式,內(nèi)燃機(jī)熱效率和液壓系統(tǒng)效率決定著能源利用效率,有眾多的技術(shù)理論致力于內(nèi)燃機(jī)熱效率的提高,并取得了顯著效果。工程機(jī)械液壓系統(tǒng)能源效率的提高,一方面要降低本身的能量消耗,同時對浪費的能量進(jìn)行回收利用,具有很大的提升空間和改進(jìn)潛力,是節(jié)能研究的一個重要方向。工程機(jī)械作業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)動勢能回收方式一是轉(zhuǎn)化為液壓能存儲在蓄能器然后再利用或直接驅(qū)動液壓元件,二是轉(zhuǎn)化為電能存儲在蓄能元件然后再利用,混合動力常用后一種方式。目前許多工程機(jī)械作業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)都存在向系統(tǒng)回饋能量的情況,比如挖掘機(jī)動臂下放時的勢能和回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)制動時的動能。當(dāng)作業(yè)頻次高、質(zhì)量或轉(zhuǎn)動慣量大時,執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)大量動勢能通常是通過改變液壓閥口的面積來控制系統(tǒng)油液的流量和壓力,這一方面浪費了能量,增加液壓系統(tǒng)裝機(jī)功率,另一方面造成導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)發(fā)熱,使液壓元件壽命降低。對大質(zhì)量和轉(zhuǎn)動慣量的高頻次作業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行動勢能回收是工程機(jī)械節(jié)能降耗的有效措施。論文從四配流窗口軸向柱塞馬達(dá)的配流理論數(shù)學(xué)推導(dǎo)、建模分析和回路模擬分析三方面,對馬達(dá)外圈和內(nèi)圈的壓力流量特性以及輸出軸的扭矩轉(zhuǎn)速特性進(jìn)行了分析說明,并詳細(xì)討論了各進(jìn)出油口加壓和加載情況。對以后將馬達(dá)用在真實工程機(jī)械上進(jìn)行能量回收再利用作業(yè)有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。首先針對工程機(jī)械回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動向液壓系統(tǒng)回饋制動能量的問題,提出了一種可以對旋轉(zhuǎn)作業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)直接進(jìn)行能量回收利用的新型液壓原件,結(jié)合蓄能器的使用,實現(xiàn)了在無能量轉(zhuǎn)換情況下對液壓能量的直接回收,提高了能量利用效率,與現(xiàn)有能量回收系統(tǒng)相比,系統(tǒng)大大簡化。然后在四配流窗口軸向柱塞馬達(dá)仿真模型的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步搭建了單進(jìn)油口驅(qū)動液壓馬達(dá)回路和雙進(jìn)油口驅(qū)動液壓馬達(dá)回路。通過測試發(fā)現(xiàn)單進(jìn)油口驅(qū)動液壓馬達(dá)回路在運(yùn)行時馬達(dá)外圈處于馬達(dá)工況,馬達(dá)內(nèi)圈處于泵工況,在此種工況下馬達(dá)有一個能量輸入接口和兩個能量輸出接口。最后通過測試雙進(jìn)口有驅(qū)動液壓馬達(dá)回路,發(fā)現(xiàn)四配流窗口軸向柱塞馬達(dá)具有良好的二次加速功能。研究結(jié)果表明四配流窗口軸向柱塞馬達(dá)的原理和方法是可行的。
[Abstract]:Construction machinery is generally driven by internal combustion engine, hydraulic control mode, internal combustion engine thermal efficiency and hydraulic system efficiency determine the energy efficiency, there are many technical theories dedicated to the internal combustion engine thermal efficiency improvement, and achieved remarkable results. To improve the energy efficiency of hydraulic system of construction machinery, on the one hand, it is necessary to reduce its own energy consumption, and at the same time to recycle the wasted energy, which has a great space for improvement and improvement potential, which is an important direction of energy conservation research. The dynamic energy recovery of construction machinery is converted to hydraulic energy stored in the accumulator and then reused or driven directly. The second is the electric energy is stored in the energy storage element and then reused. The hybrid power is usually used in the latter way. At present, many construction machinery operating mechanisms have the situation of feedback energy to the system, such as the potential energy when the excavator arm is lowered and the kinetic energy when the rotary mechanism is braking. When the operation frequency is high, the mass or the moment of inertia is large, a large number of actuators can control the flow and pressure of the system by changing the area of the hydraulic valve, which wastes energy and increases the installed power of the hydraulic system. On the other hand, it causes the heating of the system and reduces the life of hydraulic components. It is an effective measure for energy saving and consumption reduction of construction machinery to recover EMF energy from high frequency operation mechanism with large mass and rotational inertia. In this paper, the characteristics of pressure and flow of the outer ring and inner ring of the motor and the torque and rotational speed of the output shaft are analyzed from three aspects: the mathematical derivation of the distribution theory of the axial piston motor with four distribution windows, the modeling analysis and the loop simulation analysis. The pressure and loading of each inlet and outlet are discussed in detail. It has certain guiding significance for the application of motor in real construction machinery for energy recovery and reuse. First of all, aiming at the problem of feedback braking energy from rotary motion to hydraulic system of construction machinery, a new type of hydraulic component, which can directly recover and utilize energy from rotating operation mechanism, is proposed, combined with the use of accumulator. The direct recovery of hydraulic energy without energy conversion is realized, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved. Compared with the existing energy recovery system, the system is greatly simplified. Then, based on the simulation model of axial piston motor with four distribution windows, the hydraulic motor circuit with single inlet and double inlet is built. It is found that the outer ring of the motor is in the motor working condition and the inner ring of the motor is in the pump condition when the hydraulic motor loop is driven by a single inlet. Under this condition the motor has one energy input interface and two energy output interfaces. Finally, it is found that the axial plunger motor with four distribution window has good secondary acceleration function by testing the hydraulic motor circuit with double inlet drive. The results show that the principle and method of axial piston motor with four distribution window are feasible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH137.51

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