【摘要】：工程結(jié)構(gòu)之間有多種聯(lián)接方式，螺栓連接是一種在工程實踐中應用最為廣泛的連接方式。螺栓在循環(huán)載荷和強迫振動的作用下會出現(xiàn)疲勞損傷和松動現(xiàn)象，螺栓的失效會造成災難性的后果和重大財產(chǎn)損失。對螺栓進行實時在線健康監(jiān)測顯得尤為重要。壓電阻抗技術(shù)作為一種新型的結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測技術(shù)，近二十年來得到了飛速的發(fā)展，該技術(shù)被廣泛的應用于鋼結(jié)構(gòu)、土木工程等重要工程的結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測試驗當中，論文基于壓電阻抗技術(shù)展開了螺栓松動監(jiān)測的實驗研究，論文的主要內(nèi)容如下： 1．綜合分析了結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測的主要方法，及壓電阻抗技術(shù)理論和該技術(shù)應用于鋼結(jié)構(gòu)、混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)、裂紋、螺栓等結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀，并列舉了不同的結(jié)構(gòu)損傷指標在結(jié)構(gòu)健康損傷評估中的使用情況。對壓電阻抗技術(shù)的影響因素進行了分析，介紹了有限元壓電耦合場分析的研究狀況，總結(jié)了壓電阻抗技術(shù)的優(yōu)點。 2．介紹了壓電材料和壓電效應的概念，引用壓電方程對壓電材料電導納的計算公式進行了推導。引入了損傷指標對損傷程度進行定量的分析。 3．闡述了有限元法和相關(guān)軟件的概念，，對壓電耦合場分析的詳細過程進行了描述，介紹了壓電片導納提取的方法。建立起了壓電片-鋼梁及壓電片-螺栓的有限元模型，對耦合模型進行了有限元壓電耦合場的分析。得到了不同力作用下的壓電導納等相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，分析了不同力載荷下的導納曲線變化情況。 4．搭建了螺栓松動監(jiān)測的實驗平臺，進行了基于壓電阻抗技術(shù)的螺栓松動監(jiān)測實驗。采用萬能試驗機對螺栓聯(lián)接結(jié)構(gòu)進行加載模擬螺栓預緊力的變化。分析了壓電導納曲線及損傷指標(RMSD)隨預緊力的變化規(guī)律，討論了壓電材料安裝位置及結(jié)構(gòu)接觸面粗糙度對損傷指標的影響。 5．進行了基于壓電阻抗技術(shù)的一體式智能螺栓的研究，將壓電材料分別安裝在不同型號的螺栓和螺母表面。分析了不同力作用下的電導納數(shù)據(jù)，并建立了螺栓松動程度和預緊力之間的關(guān)系曲線。
[Abstract]:There are many kinds of connections between engineering structures, bolt connection is the most widely used in engineering practice. Under the action of cyclic load and forced vibration, fatigue damage and loosening will occur, and the failure of bolts will result in disastrous consequences and heavy property losses. It is very important to carry out real-time on-line health monitoring for bolts. As a new type of structural health monitoring technology, piezoelectric impedance technology has been developed rapidly in the past two decades. It has been widely used in structural health monitoring tests of steel structures, civil engineering and other important projects. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The main methods of structural health monitoring are analyzed synthetically. The theory of piezoelectric impedance technology and its application to the health monitoring of steel structures, concrete structures, cracks, bolts and so on are discussed. The application of different structural damage indexes in structural health damage assessment is also listed. The influence factors of piezoelectric impedance technology are analyzed, the research status of finite element piezoelectric coupling field analysis is introduced, and the advantages of piezoelectric impedance technology are summarized. 2. The concepts of piezoelectric material and piezoelectric effect are introduced. The formula for calculating the electrical admittance of piezoelectric materials is derived by using the piezoelectric equation. The damage index is introduced to quantitatively analyze the damage degree. 3. The concept of finite element method and related software are introduced, the detailed process of piezoelectric coupling field analysis is described, and the method of admittance extraction of piezoelectric plate is introduced. The finite element models of piezoelectric plate-steel beam and piezoelectric lamp-bolt are established, and the coupling model is analyzed. The related data of piezoelectric admittance under different forces are obtained, and the variation of admittance curve under different force loads is analyzed. 4. An experimental platform for bolt loosening monitoring is built. The bolt loosening monitoring experiment based on piezoelectric impedance technology is carried out. A universal testing machine is used to simulate the change of bolt preload force. The variation of piezoelectric admittance curve and damage index (RMSD) with pretension force is analyzed. The influence of the installation position of piezoelectric material and the roughness of the structure contact surface on the damage index is discussed. 5. The research of the integrated intelligent bolt based on the piezoelectric impedance technology is carried out. The piezoelectric material is mounted on the surface of different types of bolts and nuts respectively. The electrical admittance data under different forces are analyzed, and the relationship curve between bolt loosening degree and pretightening force is established.
【學位授予單位】：武漢科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH131.3;TP274

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