高速轉子故障物理特性及全矢動平衡技術研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-17 11:15
【摘要】：對于旋轉機械來說,不平衡是其最主要的激振源,導致許多自激振動的產(chǎn)生。歷年來,動平衡技術始終是學術界研究和關注的焦點。隨著旋轉機械容量不斷增大,機械結構的不斷復雜,轉速進一步提高,傳統(tǒng)的轉子平衡領域理論和技術不能很好地適應工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展要求,主要表現(xiàn)在:多次啟機試重進行平衡,既浪費時間,又增加平衡費用。在一些特定的情況下,現(xiàn)有動平衡理論計算出來的配重有很大偏差,平衡精度很低,甚至導致平衡失敗。在這一背景下,本文從失衡轉子故障物理機理入手,對不平衡響應規(guī)律進行探討,重點分析了失衡轉子在支撐各向異性和非線性因素下不平衡響應的特性。為了提高現(xiàn)場平衡的效率和精度,本文利用信息融合的全矢譜理論和有關技術,提出了新的轉子動平衡方法,實驗驗證了新方法的有效性和工程應用價值。本文的主要研究成果與結論如下:1)研究了失衡轉子的故障物理特性。傳統(tǒng)平衡方法均是建立在線性假設和轉子各向同性的基礎上,而實際上轉子各向異性和非線性因素是導致平衡精度不佳的主要原因。因此本文重點研究了失衡轉子在各向異性和非線性基礎上不平衡響應的規(guī)律。結論表明:在線性模型假設下,各向異性支撐單圓盤轉子對于不同的失衡量其不平衡響應為一組同心橢圓,其方位角維持不變,橢圓的偏心率保持不變,其長/短半軸隨不平衡量的大小線性變化,橢圓的初始相位角隨失衡量的相位的變化而變化;而在非線性情況下,轉子的不平衡響應橢圓的偏心率和方位角均隨失衡量的大小的變化而變化。2)提出一種新的動平衡方法—全矢動平衡方法(FVDB)。該方法基于全矢譜的截面信息融合方法定義了全矢不平衡響應(FVUR),全矢不平衡響應以工頻主振矢作為不平衡響應的幅值,以橢圓的相位角為其相位,結合影響系數(shù)法或振型平衡法進行現(xiàn)場的平衡;理論推導證明:全矢不平衡響應的靈敏度高于單傳感器響應的靈敏度,說明全矢動平衡方法精度優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)方法;實驗結果表明:全矢動平衡方法平衡效果優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)方法,提高了平衡的效率和精度,具有良好的工程應用價值。3)結合進動分解理論,提出一種的新的平衡方法—進動分解平衡法(PDDB)。提出PDDB方法是源于以下思路:復雜柔性轉子在組合故障作用下,轉子軌跡中正反進動分量呈現(xiàn)不同比值,但總體來說,正進動分量與平衡故障相關度更大,反進動分量往往預示機器存在平衡以外的其他故障,即不平衡量與正進動響應矢量是成正比的。PDDB方法的指導思想為:采用正進動不平衡響應,即FPUR作為平衡目標結合傳統(tǒng)的影響系數(shù)法或振型平衡法來完成平衡。通過數(shù)值模擬和實驗研究證明:PDDB方法與傳統(tǒng)方法相兼容,在實際平衡中更能克服平衡故障以外的干擾。相對于全矢動平衡方法FVDB來說,進動分解平衡方法PDDB更適用于復雜轉子系統(tǒng)、特別是除不平衡外還存在其他復合故障的場合。4)提出了基于相位差頻譜校正的微速差雙轉子現(xiàn)場平衡方法。結合微速差雙轉子系統(tǒng)結構對“拍振”信號的產(chǎn)生原因進行分析,結果表明:由于內(nèi)外轉子轉速接近,非整周期信號采集導致頻譜泄露的產(chǎn)生,即內(nèi)、外轉子不平衡響應中至少一個是失真的,這是導致平衡效果不佳的原因。在此基礎上,提出了基于相位差頻譜校正的內(nèi)外轉子不平衡響應分量提取方法,對失真的轉子響應的幅值和相位進行校正,并給出相位差校正平衡法的微速差雙轉子平衡方法,通過仿真和實驗證明:該方法可顯著提高微速差雙轉子的平衡精度。現(xiàn)場平衡實例充分證明了該方法的優(yōu)越性。5)開發(fā)了包含以上新平衡方法功能的系列儀器�；谝陨先N新的動平衡方法,采用嵌入式技術,開發(fā)了便攜式現(xiàn)場動平衡儀。并就全矢不平衡響應的振動信號及鍵相采集等關鍵技術進行了探討,給出了全矢不平衡響應,進動分解算法以及頻譜校正分離方法的算法流程,實現(xiàn)了新的平衡方法的工程化應用。工程應用實例表明了本文研究成果的正確性和開發(fā)產(chǎn)品的實用性。
[Abstract]:For rotating machinery, unbalance is the main exciting source, which leads to many self-excited vibrations. Over the years, dynamic balancing technology has always been the focus of academic research and attention. To meet the development requirements of industrial production, it is mainly manifested in the following aspects: balancing the weights of several startup tests, which wastes time and increases the cost of balancing. In some specific cases, the weights calculated by the existing dynamic balancing theory have great deviations, the accuracy of balancing is very low, and even lead to the failure of balancing. In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of field balancing, a new method of rotor dynamic balancing is proposed based on the full vector spectrum theory of information fusion and related technologies. The main results and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) The fault physical characteristics of unbalanced rotor are studied. The traditional balancing methods are based on the linear assumption and the rotor isotropy. In fact, the rotor anisotropy and nonlinear factors lead to poor balancing accuracy. The main reason is that the unbalance response of the unbalanced rotor on the anisotropic and nonlinear basis is studied in this paper. The results show that the unbalance response of the single disk rotor with anisotropic support is a set of concentric ellipses with constant azimuth and eccentricity under the assumption of linear model. The initial phase angle of the ellipse varies with the phase of the unbalance, while the eccentricity and azimuth of the unbalanced response ellipse vary with the unbalance. 2) A new dynamic balance method, full vector dynamic leveling, is proposed. Full vector unbalanced response (FVUR) is defined based on the cross-section information fusion method of full vector spectrum. Full vector unbalanced response takes the main frequency vector as the amplitude of unbalanced response, the phase angle of ellipse as its phase, and combined with the influence coefficient method or mode balance method, the field balance is proved theoretically. The sensitivity of balancing response is higher than that of single sensor, which shows that the precision of full vector dynamic balancing method is better than that of traditional method. The experimental results show that the balancing effect of full vector dynamic balancing method is better than that of traditional method, and the efficiency and precision of balancing are improved. It has good engineering application value. 3) Combining with precession decomposition theory, a new method is proposed. Progressive decomposition balance method (PDDB) is proposed. The PDDB method is derived from the following ideas: under the combined fault of complex flexible rotor, the positive and negative precession components in the rotor trajectory show different ratios, but generally speaking, the positive precession components are more related to the balancing fault, and the negative precession components often indicate the existence of a machine other than the balancing fault. The guiding principle of PDDB method is to adopt positive precession unbalanced response, i.e. FPUR as the balance target and combine the traditional influence coefficient method or mode balance method to balance. The precession decomposition balancing method PDDB is more suitable for complex rotor systems than the full vector dynamic balancing method FVDB, especially when there are other complex faults besides unbalance. The reason of "beat" signal is analyzed in the structure of speed difference double rotor system. The results show that the frequency spectrum leakage is caused by non-integral period signal acquisition because of the approximate speed between inner rotor and outer rotor. In other words, at least one of the unbalanced response between inner rotor and outer rotor is distorted, which is the reason of poor balance effect. The amplitude and phase of the distorted rotor response are corrected by the method of extracting the unbalanced response components of the inner and outer rotor with phase difference spectrum correction. The method of balancing micro-speed difference rotor with phase difference correction balance method is given. The simulation and experimental results show that the method can significantly improve the balancing accuracy of micro-speed difference rotor. The advantages of this method are fully proved. 5) A series of instruments including the functions of the new balancing methods are developed. Based on the above three new balancing methods, a portable on-site dynamic balancing instrument is developed by using embedded technology. The algorithm flow of unbalanced response, precession decomposition algorithm and spectrum correction separation method has realized the engineering application of the new balance method.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH113.25
本文編號：2187441
[Abstract]:For rotating machinery, unbalance is the main exciting source, which leads to many self-excited vibrations. Over the years, dynamic balancing technology has always been the focus of academic research and attention. To meet the development requirements of industrial production, it is mainly manifested in the following aspects: balancing the weights of several startup tests, which wastes time and increases the cost of balancing. In some specific cases, the weights calculated by the existing dynamic balancing theory have great deviations, the accuracy of balancing is very low, and even lead to the failure of balancing. In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of field balancing, a new method of rotor dynamic balancing is proposed based on the full vector spectrum theory of information fusion and related technologies. The main results and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) The fault physical characteristics of unbalanced rotor are studied. The traditional balancing methods are based on the linear assumption and the rotor isotropy. In fact, the rotor anisotropy and nonlinear factors lead to poor balancing accuracy. The main reason is that the unbalance response of the unbalanced rotor on the anisotropic and nonlinear basis is studied in this paper. The results show that the unbalance response of the single disk rotor with anisotropic support is a set of concentric ellipses with constant azimuth and eccentricity under the assumption of linear model. The initial phase angle of the ellipse varies with the phase of the unbalance, while the eccentricity and azimuth of the unbalanced response ellipse vary with the unbalance. 2) A new dynamic balance method, full vector dynamic leveling, is proposed. Full vector unbalanced response (FVUR) is defined based on the cross-section information fusion method of full vector spectrum. Full vector unbalanced response takes the main frequency vector as the amplitude of unbalanced response, the phase angle of ellipse as its phase, and combined with the influence coefficient method or mode balance method, the field balance is proved theoretically. The sensitivity of balancing response is higher than that of single sensor, which shows that the precision of full vector dynamic balancing method is better than that of traditional method. The experimental results show that the balancing effect of full vector dynamic balancing method is better than that of traditional method, and the efficiency and precision of balancing are improved. It has good engineering application value. 3) Combining with precession decomposition theory, a new method is proposed. Progressive decomposition balance method (PDDB) is proposed. The PDDB method is derived from the following ideas: under the combined fault of complex flexible rotor, the positive and negative precession components in the rotor trajectory show different ratios, but generally speaking, the positive precession components are more related to the balancing fault, and the negative precession components often indicate the existence of a machine other than the balancing fault. The guiding principle of PDDB method is to adopt positive precession unbalanced response, i.e. FPUR as the balance target and combine the traditional influence coefficient method or mode balance method to balance. The precession decomposition balancing method PDDB is more suitable for complex rotor systems than the full vector dynamic balancing method FVDB, especially when there are other complex faults besides unbalance. The reason of "beat" signal is analyzed in the structure of speed difference double rotor system. The results show that the frequency spectrum leakage is caused by non-integral period signal acquisition because of the approximate speed between inner rotor and outer rotor. In other words, at least one of the unbalanced response between inner rotor and outer rotor is distorted, which is the reason of poor balance effect. The amplitude and phase of the distorted rotor response are corrected by the method of extracting the unbalanced response components of the inner and outer rotor with phase difference spectrum correction. The method of balancing micro-speed difference rotor with phase difference correction balance method is given. The simulation and experimental results show that the method can significantly improve the balancing accuracy of micro-speed difference rotor. The advantages of this method are fully proved. 5) A series of instruments including the functions of the new balancing methods are developed. Based on the above three new balancing methods, a portable on-site dynamic balancing instrument is developed by using embedded technology. The algorithm flow of unbalanced response, precession decomposition algorithm and spectrum correction separation method has realized the engineering application of the new balance method.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH113.25
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